Polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss in optical fiber systems

In this paper we examine the statistics of combined polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) and the impact on pulses in optical fiber systems. The probability density functions of PDL, of the differential group delay's (DGD) real and imaginary part and of the angle between the principal states of polarization (PSPs) are investigated by numerical simulations. The PDL and the real part of the DGD turn out to be Maxwellian-distributed while the imaginary part of the DGD complies with a sech2-distribution. Moreover we take a look at the transmission of optical pulses with varying input states of polarization and show that the PSPs of the well-known PMD-theory are not necessarily the fastest and slowest states nor are they the least distorted ones.

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