Karl Renner and (Intellectual) Property – How Cognitive Theory Can Enrich a Sociolegal Analysis of Contemporary Copyright

This article deals with copyright regulation meeting the quite rapid societal changes associated with digitization, and it does so by reinterpreting Karl Renner's classical texts in the light of contemporary cognitive theory of conceptual metaphors and embodiment. From a cognitive theory perspective, I focus on the notion that the legal norms only appear to be unchanged—the Renner distinction between form and function. This includes social norms, technological development, and changes in social structures in general, which create a social and cognitive reinterpretation of law. This article, therefore, analyzes the contemporary push for copyright as property, which I relate to historical claims for copyright as property as well as de facto legal revisions in intellectual property faced with the challenges of digitization. Of particular relevance here is what Renner described in terms of property as an “institution of domination and control,” and thus the increased measures for control that are added to a digital context in the name of copyright.

[1]  Raquel Benbunan-Fich,et al.  Is music downloading the new prohibition? What students reveal through an ethical dilemma , 2009, Ethics and Information Technology.

[2]  M. Black Models and metaphors , 1962 .

[3]  Mark A. Lemley Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding , 2004 .

[4]  Eva Hemmungs Wirtén Cosmopolitan Copyright : Law and Language in the Translation Zone , 2011 .

[5]  Robert L. Kidder,et al.  Continuity and Development in Law and Society. , 1989 .

[6]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Law, norms, piracy and online anonymity: Practices of de‐identification in the global file sharing community , 2012 .

[7]  L. Solan,et al.  Cops and Robbers: Selective Literalism in American Criminal Law , 2004 .

[8]  S. Ricketson,et al.  The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works : 1886-1986 , 1987 .

[9]  Janice Nadler,et al.  The Law and Norms of File Sharing , 2006 .

[10]  Lawrence Lessig,et al.  Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy , 2008 .

[11]  Stefan Larsson Rätten som rum, kropp och kontext - Det konceptuella förtingligandets rättsvetenskapliga relevans , 2013 .

[12]  S. Glucksberg The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought: How metaphors create categories – quickly , 2008 .

[13]  Karl N. Renner,et al.  The Function of Property in Modern English Law@@@The Institutions of Private Law and Their Social Functions , 1950 .

[14]  Twila Wingrove,et al.  Why were millions of people not obeying the law? Motivational influences on non-compliance with the law in the case of music piracy , 2011 .

[15]  Joshua Cohen Freedom of expression , 1993 .

[16]  Lior Strahilevitz,et al.  Charismatic Code, Social Norms, and the Emergence of Cooperation on the File-Swapping Networks , 2003 .

[17]  John Tehranian,et al.  Infringement Nation: Copyright Reform and the Law/Norm Gap , 2007 .

[18]  S. Larsson,et al.  On the Justifications of Piracy: Differences in Conceptualization and Argumentation Between Active Uploaders and other file-sharers , 2014 .

[19]  P. Parrinder,et al.  The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature , 1997 .

[20]  Sheldon L. Leader Participation and Property Rights , 1999 .

[21]  Amanda Ajamfar Cops and Robbers , 2020 .

[22]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  SOCIAL NORMS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. Online norms and the European legal development , 2009 .

[23]  R. Cotterrell,et al.  The Sociology of Law , 1992 .

[24]  M. Black More about metaphor , 1977 .

[25]  John Braithwaite,et al.  Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? , 2002 .

[26]  Stefan Larsson The Path Dependence of European Copyright , 2011 .

[27]  M. Woodmansee,et al.  The Genius and the Copyright: Economic and Legal Conditions of the Emergence of the 'Author , 1984 .

[28]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Philosophy in the flesh : the embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought , 1999 .

[29]  S. Larsson,et al.  Compliance or Obscurity? Online Anonymity as a Consequence of Fighting Unauthorised File-sharing , 2010 .

[30]  Mark A. Lemley,et al.  Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding/Comment/Reply , 2005 .

[31]  Eva Hemmungs Wirtén No Trespassing: Authorship, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Boundaries of Globalization , 2004 .

[32]  Steven L. Winter The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought: What is the “color” of law? , 2008 .

[33]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Conceptions, Categories and Embodiment: Why Metaphors are of Fundamental Importance for Understanding Norms , 2013 .

[34]  Lawrence Lessig,et al.  Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity , 2004 .

[35]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Law, Deviation and Paradigmatic Change: Copyright and its Metaphors , 2010 .

[36]  M. Foucault,et al.  Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison , 2020, On Violence.

[37]  Dan Hunter Cyberspace as Place, and the Tragedy of the Digital Anticommons , 2002 .

[38]  Majid Yar The rhetorics and myths of anti-piracy campaigns: criminalization, moral pedagogy and capitalist property relations in the classroom , 2008, New Media Soc..

[39]  Linda L. Berger How Embedded Knowledge Structures Affect Judicial Decision Making: An Analysis of Metaphor, Narrative, and Imagination in Child Custody Disputes , 2008 .

[40]  Mark F. Schultz Copynorms: Copyright and Social Norms , 2006 .

[41]  S. Vaidhyanathan Copyrights and Copywrongs , 2001 .

[42]  P. Loughlan,et al.  'You Wouldn't Steal a Car': Intellectual Property and the Language of Theft , 2008 .

[43]  Lonna Rae Atkeson,et al.  The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same: Examining Gender Differences in Political Attitude Expression, 1952–2000 , 2003 .

[44]  Kembrew McLeod Freedom of expression[-] : resistance and repression in the age of intellectual property , 2007 .

[45]  Steven L. Winter Re-Embodying Law , 2006 .

[46]  wiweka warnling-nerep Vad är rätt , 2012 .

[47]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Conceptions in the Code: What “The Copyright Wars” Tell us about Creativity, Social Change and Normative Conflicts in the digital society , 2012 .

[48]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Den Stigberoende Upphovsrätten. Om konsekvenserna av rättslig inlåsning i en digital tid , 2011 .

[49]  I. Glenn Cohen,et al.  Gore, Gibson, and Goldsmith: The Evolution of Internet Metaphors in Law and Commentary , 2003 .

[50]  H. Ross,et al.  Sociological inquiry and legal phenomena , 1978 .

[51]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Intellectual property law compliance in Europe: Illegal file sharing and the role of social norms , 2012, New Media Soc..

[52]  A. Treviño The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives , 1996 .

[53]  M. Rose Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright , 1993 .

[54]  Geraldine Szott Moohr The Crime of Copyright Infringement: An Inquiry Based on Morality, Harm, and Criminal Theory , 2009 .

[55]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Metaforerna och Rätten , 2012 .

[56]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Copy Me Happy: The Metaphoric Expansion of Copyright in a Digital Society , 2013 .

[57]  M. Martin,et al.  Technology for Facilitating Humanity and Combating Social Deviations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives , 2010 .

[58]  The Emergence and Non-Emergence of Legislation , 1978 .

[59]  Bart Funnekotter Oxford Oxford University , 2005 .

[60]  William Patry,et al.  How to Fix Copyright , 2012 .

[61]  Steven L. Winter A Clearing in the Forest: Law, Life, and Mind , 2001 .

[62]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind , 1988 .

[63]  Lawrence Lessig,et al.  Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace , 1999 .

[64]  Lucia Morra New Models for Language Understanding and the Cognitive Approach to Legal Metaphors , 2010 .

[65]  Tarleton Gillespie Wired Shut, Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture , 2009 .

[66]  Gareth W. Dunleavy,et al.  The Language of the Law , 1963 .

[67]  James Arvanitakis,et al.  Piracy : Leakages from modernity , 2014 .

[68]  Lawrence Lessig,et al.  The future of ideas - the fate of the commons in a connected world , 2002 .

[69]  R. Gibbs Embodiment and Cognitive Science: Concepts , 2005 .

[70]  George Lakoff,et al.  A Figure of Thought , 1986 .

[71]  D. G. MacKay,et al.  Metaphor and Thought , 1980 .

[72]  Thomas W. Lauer,et al.  Media transitions: The cases of digital imagery and e-mail , 2004, Inf. Technol. People.

[73]  M. Black Models and metaphors : studies in language and philosophy , 1962 .

[74]  Jerome S. Bruner,et al.  Minding the Law , 2000 .

[75]  T. Carver,et al.  Political Language and Metaphor: Interpreting and Changing the World , 2008 .

[76]  Peter K. Yu Intellectual Property and Information Wealth : Issues and Practices in the Digital Age , 2006 .

[77]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Metaphors We Live By , 1980 .

[78]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Metaphors, law and digital phenomena: the Swedish pirate bay court case , 2013, Int. J. Law Inf. Technol..

[79]  Zoltán Kövecses,et al.  Conceptual metaphor theory: Some criticisms and alternative proposals , 2008 .

[80]  M. Woodmansee,et al.  On the Author Effect: Recovering Collectivity , 1997 .

[81]  O. Goodenough,et al.  Why do Good People Steal Intellectual Property , 2008 .

[82]  Linda L. Berger What is the Sound of a Corporation Speaking? How the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor Can Help Lawyers Shape the Law , 2004 .

[83]  Mark L. Johnson The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason , 1989 .

[84]  G. Lakoff The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor , 1993 .

[85]  Christopher A. Jensen THE MORE THINGS CHANGE, THE MORE THEY STAY THE SAME: COPYRIGHT, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIAL NORMS , 2003 .

[86]  Lisa Whitehouse Making the Case for Socio-Legal Research in Land Law: Renner and the Law of Mortgage , 2010 .

[87]  D. Sugarman Legality, ideology, and the state , 1985 .

[88]  Dinusha Mendis Digital Economy Act 2010: fighting a losing battle? Why the ‘three strikes’ law is not the answer to copyright law's latest challenge , 2013 .

[89]  Stefan Larsson,et al.  Online piracy, anonymity and social change , 2013 .

[90]  N. Isaacs,et al.  Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning: And Other Legal Essays , 2010 .

[91]  P. Loughlan Pirates, Parasites, Reapers, Sowers, Fruits, Foxes . . . The Metaphors of Intellectual Property , 2006 .

[92]  L. Strahilevitz Social Norms from Close-Knit Groups to Loose-Knit Groups , 2003 .

[93]  Introducing the Panspectric Challenge: A Reconfiguration of Regulatory Values in a Multiplatform Media Landscape , 2013 .

[94]  R. Gibbs The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought , 2008 .

[95]  R. Cotterrell The Sociology of Law: An Introduction , 2005 .

[96]  Bill D. Herman Breaking and Entering My Own Computer: The Contest of Copyright Metaphors , 2008 .

[97]  Robert L. Tsai Fire, Metaphor, and Constitutional Myth-Making , 2004 .

[98]  Osagie K. Obasogie Do blind people see race? Social, legal, and theoretical considerations. , 2010, Law & society review.