Knowledge Desk Limited Objective Experiment (LOE)

Abstract : Multiple monitor workstations are becoming more and more common in the military command and control environment due to the requirement to monitor and access large quantities of information while performing complex tasks and making complex decisions. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored Command 21 project addressed this requirement by developing a six-monitor display designed to facilitate information production and consumption by an individual user. Known as a Knowledge Desk (K-Desk), these displays were employed during several wargames as well as aboard ships to support command-level decision-making in operational command centers. Although the value of having additional monitors has been widely acknowledged, the question of how many monitors the warfighter really needs to support his/her various tasks (cognitive and otherwise) remains unanswered. To address that question, a Limited Objective Experiment (LOE) was conducted that assessed the relative costs and benefits of different display configurations from a performance standpoint. The results of the LOE provided recommendations that relate to requirements for future Fleet procurements and installations.

[1]  Harvey S. Smallman,et al.  Usage, Utility, and Usability of the Knowledge Wall During the Global 2000 War Game , 2001 .

[2]  R I Thackray,et al.  Effects of monitoring under high and low taskload on detection of flashing and coloured radar targets. , 1991, Ergonomics.

[3]  Richard T. Kelly,et al.  Eye Tracking in Tactical Decision Making Environments: Implications for Decision Support Evaluation * , 1997 .

[4]  Jeffrey G. Morrison,et al.  Knowledge Web Concept and Tools: Use, Utility, and Usability During the Global 2001 War Game , 2002 .

[5]  Thomas G. Whisenand,et al.  Analysis of Cursor Movements with a Mouse , 1997, HCI.

[6]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  When Users Want What's not Best for Them , 1995 .

[7]  Paul Schmidt,et al.  Time Prediction of Mouse-based Cursor Movements , 2001 .

[8]  Jeffrey G. Morrison,et al.  The Design, Implementation and Use of Web-Technologies to Facilitate Knowledge Sharing: A `Real-World' Application , 2002 .

[9]  Mica R. Endsley,et al.  Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems , 1995, Hum. Factors.

[10]  Glenn Osga,et al.  Designing for Multi-Tasking Environments: Multiple Monitors vs. Multiple Windows , 1997 .

[11]  P. Fitts The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. , 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

[12]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Partitioning digital worlds: focal and peripheral awareness in multiple monitor use , 2001, CHI.

[13]  Robert W. Bailey,et al.  Performance vs. Preference , 1993 .

[14]  Gordon H. Robinson,et al.  Dynamics of the Eye and Head during Movement between Displays: A Qualitative and Quantitative Guide for Designers , 1979 .

[15]  John Sweller,et al.  Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning , 1988, Cogn. Sci..

[16]  Douglas J. Gillan,et al.  How does Fitts' law fit pointing and dragging? , 1990, CHI '90.

[17]  J. Fleiss,et al.  Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. , 1979, Psychological bulletin.

[18]  Jacob Cohen,et al.  Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , 1979 .

[19]  Austin Henderson,et al.  A multiple, virtual-workspace interface to support user task switching , 1986, CHI '87.