Protection considerations for force-cooled superconductors

This paper treats some hydrodynamic aspects of protecting magnets wound with force-cooled superconductors, namely, the rise in internal pressure and the forceful expulsion of helium during a quench. Two initial conditions are considered: an entire hydraulic path going normal all at once, and an initially small but nonrecovering normal zone. Formulas are given for the quench pressure and expulsion velocity in both cases and are compared with available experimental data.