Analysis of combustion and pollutants formation in a direct injection diesel engine using a multi-zone model

A two-dimensional multi-zone model for the calculation of the closed cycle of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine is presented. The fuel spray is divided into small packages and the effect of air velocity pattern on spray development is taken into account. The calculation of swirl intensity variations during the cycle is based on hybrid solid body-boundary layer rotation scheme. Application of the mass, energy and state equations in each zone yields local temperatures and cylinder pressure histories. For calculating the concentration of constituents in the exhaust gases, a chemical equilibrium scheme is adopted for the C-H-O system of the eleven species considered, together with chemical rate equations for the calculation of nitric oxide (NO). A model for the evaluation of soot formation and oxidation rates is incorporated. A comparison is made between the theoretical results from the computer program implementing the analysis, with experimental results from a vast experimental investigation conducted on a direct injection, Lister-Petter diesel engine, with very encouraging results. Plots of temperature, equivalence ratio, NO and soot distributions inside the combustion chamber are presented, elucidating the physical mechanisms governing combustion and pollutants formation.

[1]  J. Dukowicz,et al.  Multidimensional numerical simulation of reactive flow in internal combustion engines , 1981 .

[2]  John A. Derham,et al.  Air Motion in a Four-Stroke Direct Injection Diesel Engine , 1974 .

[3]  D. A. Kouremenos,et al.  A FORTRAN program for calculating the evaporation rates in diesel engine fuel sprays , 1992 .

[4]  B. Launder,et al.  Mathematical Models of turbulence , 1972 .

[5]  H. Hiroyasu,et al.  Development and Use of a Spray Combustion Modeling to Predict Diesel Engine Efficiency and Pollutant Emissions : Part 1 Combustion Modeling , 1983 .

[6]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the performance and emissions of nitric oxide and smoke of high speed diesel engines in the Athens/Greece region , 1991 .

[7]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Analyse thermodynamique des processus d'écoulement et de combustion dans un cylindre de moteur diesel à injection directe à l'aide d'un modèle multi-zone , 1990 .

[8]  Dimitrios T. Hountalas,et al.  A digital simulation of the exhaust nitric oxide and soot formation histories in the combustion chambers of a swirl chamber diesel engine , 1990 .

[9]  N. D. Whitehouse,et al.  Prediction of Heat Release in a Quiescent Chamber Diesel Engine Allowing for Fuel/Air Mixing , 1974 .

[10]  T. J. Williams,et al.  Parameters for Correlation of Penetration Results for Diesel Fuel Sprays , 1973 .

[11]  Constantine D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Availability accumulation and destruction in a DI diesel engine with special reference to the limited cooled case , 1993 .

[12]  M. Glauert.  The wall jet , 1956, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[13]  J. Heywood,et al.  Experimental and Theoretical Study of Nitric Oxide Formation in Internal Combustion Engines , 1970 .

[14]  D. A. Kouremenos,et al.  A FORTRAN program for calculating the thermodynamic and transport properties of diesel fuel , 1990 .

[15]  E. Obert.  Internal combustion engines and air pollution , 1973 .

[16]  Dimitrios T. Hountalas,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of a divided combustion chamber diesel engine , 1988 .

[17]  Dimitrios T. Hountalas,et al.  An experimental investigation of fuel‐injection‐pressure and engine‐speed effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a divided‐chamber diesel engine , 1993 .

[18]  P. R. Whitehouse.  Design and Commissioning of the Boilers for the Oldbury Nuclear Power Station , 1969 .

[19]  Dimitrios T. Hountalas,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of indirect injection diesel engines by two-zone modeling of combustion , 1990 .

[20]  W. J. D. Annand,et al.  Heat Transfer in the Cylinders of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines , 1963 .

[21]  Constantine D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Olive oil as a fuel supplement in DI and IDI diesel engines , 1992 .

[22]  W. E. Meyer,et al.  Mapping of Airflow Patterns in Engines with Induction Swirl , 1966 .

[23]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .