Review of CMOS circuit architectures for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

In this paper, different architectures at integrated circuit level for the implementation of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS) systems are compared and discused. The main functional blocks required by each architecture and their underlying concepts are explained. Additionally, the performance and design specifications for different implementations are contrasted.

[1]  Kamran Entesari,et al.  A 0.62–10 GHz Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System in CMOS , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[2]  Ali M. Niknejad,et al.  A 6.5/11/17.5/30-GHz high throughput interferometer-based reactance sensors using injection-locked oscillators and ping-pong nested chopping , 2014, 2014 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers.

[3]  Y. Kim,et al.  A CMOS sensor array IC of nanowell devices for molecular sensing , 2004, Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004..

[4]  J.G. Webster,et al.  Bioelectric impedance measurements using synchronous sampling , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[5]  Miqin Zhang,et al.  Cellular impedance biosensors for drug screening and toxin detection. , 2007, The Analyst.

[6]  A. A. Helmy,et al.  A 1–8-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System for Permittivity Detection and Mixture Characterization of Organic Chemicals , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[7]  Sameer R. Sonkusale,et al.  Broadband dielectric spectroscopy CMOS readout circuit for molecular sensing , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[8]  Iasonas F. Triantis,et al.  A CMOS Magnitude/Phase Measurement Chip for Impedance Spectroscopy , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[9]  David Dubuc,et al.  Microwave dielectric spectroscopy: An emerging analyzing technique for biological investigations at the cellular level , 2013, 2013 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems.

[10]  Drago Strle,et al.  Integrated impedance spectroscopy chip for bio-sensors array: A system perspective , 2012, 2012 IEEE 55th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS).

[11]  Wesley Becari,et al.  Electrical Impedance Sensor for Real-Time Detection of Bovine Milk Adulteration , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[12]  Kamran Entesari,et al.  A Self-Sustained CMOS Microwave Chemical Sensor Using a Frequency Synthesizer , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[13]  Michael A. Suster,et al.  A Broadband Sensor Interface IC for Miniaturized Dielectric Spectroscopy From MHz to GHz , 2014, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[14]  Samuel Palermo,et al.  A CMOS Fractional- $N$ PLL-Based Microwave Chemical Sensor With 1.5% Permittivity Accuracy , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[15]  Yuri Feldman,et al.  Time domain dielectric spectroscopy study of biological systems , 2003 .

[16]  Kamran Entesari,et al.  Complex Permittivity Detection of Organic Chemicals and Mixtures Using a 0.5–3-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[17]  Samuel Palermo,et al.  A 0.18-μm CMOS fully integrated 0.7–6 GHz PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system , 2014, Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference.

[18]  Keith J. Burnham,et al.  The Impact of Thermal Degradation on Properties of Electrical Machine Winding Insulation Material , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[19]  Samuel Palermo,et al.  A TDC-based front-end for rapid impedance spectroscopy , 2013, 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS).

[20]  M. Daphtary,et al.  Broadband capacitive sensor CMOS interface circuit for dielectric spectroscopy , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[21]  Paul Geladi,et al.  Skin cancer identification using multifrequency electrical impedance-a potential screening tool , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[22]  Jue Wang,et al.  Design and preliminary evaluation of a portable device for the measurement of bioimpedance spectroscopy , 2006, Physiological measurement.

[23]  L. Jang,et al.  Design and fabrication of coplanar waveguide probes for single-cell impedance measurement using radio frequency , 2011 .

[24]  Alberto Yufera,et al.  Design of A CMOS closed-loop system useful for bio-impedance measurements , 2009, 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2009).

[25]  K. Schoenbach,et al.  Time domain dielectric spectroscopy of biological cells after pulsed electric field exposure , 2011, 2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[26]  F. Sonntag,et al.  Impedance Measurements in Cell Cultures on Polymer Slides , 2006, 2006 1st Electronic Systemintegration Technology Conference.

[27]  Thomas Nacke,et al.  Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Impedanzspektroskopie in der Biotechnologie (Application of the Impedance Spectroscopy in the Biotechnology) , 2002 .

[28]  Ali M. Niknejad,et al.  A 1–50 GHz dielectric spectroscopy biosensor with integrated receiver front-end in 65nm CMOS , 2013, 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT).

[29]  J. Müller,et al.  In-situ biomass characterisation by impedance spectroscopy using a full-bridge circuit , 2001 .

[30]  Jakob M. Tomasik,et al.  An Impedance Spectroscopy ASIC for Low-Frequency Characterization of Biological Samples , 2016, BIODEVICES.

[31]  Paul Annus,et al.  Synchronous Sampling and Demodulation in an Instrument for Multifrequency Bioimpedance Measurement , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[32]  Marco Parvis,et al.  Low-Cost Impedance Spectroscopy System Based on a Logarithmic Amplifier , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[33]  I. Hunter,et al.  Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Resonators for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Materials , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[34]  Robert Neal Dean,et al.  A Digital Frequency-Locked Loop System for Capacitance Measurement , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[35]  Iasonas F. Triantis,et al.  A novel front-end for impedance spectroscopy , 2011, 2011 IEEE SENSORS Proceedings.

[36]  Alberto Yufera,et al.  A CMOS bio-impedance measurement system , 2009, 2009 12th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems.

[37]  Guido Torelli,et al.  A 1-MHz analog front-end for a wireless bioelectrical impedance sensor , 2010, 6th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics & Electronics.

[38]  Samuel Palermo,et al.  A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[39]  John N. Sahalos,et al.  Differential synchronous demodulation for small signal amplitude estimation , 1993 .

[40]  K. Entesari,et al.  A Self-Sustained Microwave System for Dielectric-Constant Measurement of Lossy Organic Liquids , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.