Pengaruh Umur Embrio dan Jenis Media Dasar Terhadap Keberhasilan Embryo Rescue Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) secara In Vitro

Tanaman aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) adalah salah satu jenis palma yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Salah satu aspek penting dalam pengembangan tanaman aren adalah penyediaan bibit. Embryo rescue diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif solusi penyediaan bibit aren. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui pengaruh umur embrio zigotik terhadap perkecambahan serta perkembangan kecambah dalam embryo rescue aren, dan 2) untuk menguji efektifitas dua komposisi media dasar yang digunakan dalam kultur embrio zigotik aren secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi dan Molekuler Tanaman, IPB dari Oktober 2011 sampai Oktober 2012. Penelitian disusun dalam bentuk percobaan faktorial menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Embrio zigotik yang berasal dari buah aren muda (±15 bulan) dan tua (±30 bulan) dikultur pada media dasar Y3 dan WPM tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan hidup dan perkecambahan embrio zigotik aren terbaik diperoleh pada eksplan embrio muda (92%) dibandingkan embrio tua (72%). Komposisi media dasar (Y3 dan WPM) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perkecambangan embrio aren. Haustorium dan apokol dalam kultur in vitroada yang berkembang menjadi bentuk-bentuk abnormal dengan persentase hingga 32% untuk haustorium dan 26% untuk apokol. Perkembangan haustorium dan apokol abnormal tidak berpengaruh terhadap planlet yang terbentuk dari embrio zigotik. Persentase planlet yang terbentuk dari embrio zigotik aren berkisar 6%-25% pada umur embrio zigotik dan jenis media yang diuji. Kata kunci : Aren, embrio muda, embrio tua, WPM, Y3. ABSTRACT Influence of Embryo Age and Type of Basal Mediumto The Success of In Vitro Embryo Rescue of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) Sugar palm is one of the palms that has high economic value. Provision of seedling is one of important aspect to develop plant, include sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) for cultivation and breeding program. Embryo rescueis expected tobe an alternative solution on provision of sugar palm seedlings. The objectives of the experiment were 1) to evaluate the effect of zygotic embryo age on germination and development of sugar palm rescued zygotic embryoand 2) to evaluate the effect of basal medium composition on sugar palm embryo culture. The experiment was conducted at Plant Molecular and Biology Laboratory of IPB, from October 2011 to October 2012. The experiment was compiled in the form of factorial experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications. Zygotic embryos derived from immature (± 15months) and mature sugar palm fruit (± 30 months) were cultured on Y3 and WPM mediumin absence of plant growth regulators. The result showed that the best viability and germination of zygotic embryo obtained on immature zygotic embryo (92%) compare to the mature embryos (72%). The composition of the basal medium (Y3 and WPM) did not significantly affect on embryo germination. There was evidence that haustorium and cotyledonary petiole in in vitro culture that grown into abnormal shapes with percentages up to 32% and 26% respectively. Abnormality of haustorium and cotyledonary petiole development did not affect on plantlets derived zygotic embryos. Percentage of plantlets obtained from zygotic embryos was 6%-25% at the age ofzygotic embryo and types of basal medium that were tested.

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