Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2010 for the treatment of colorectal cancer

[1]  R. Greil,et al.  Continuation of bevacizumab after first progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (ML18147): a randomised phase 3 trial. , 2013, The Lancet. Oncology.

[2]  T. Hickish,et al.  Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[3]  Shinji Tanaka,et al.  Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: present status and future perspective, including its differentiation from endoscopic mucosal resection , 2008, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[4]  P. Kim,et al.  Radiofrequency Ablation for Metachronous Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer after Curative Surgery , 2007, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[5]  P. Adeleine,et al.  Influence of the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery on downstaging and on the rate of sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer: the Lyon R90-01 randomized trial. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[6]  Josep Tabernero,et al.  Randomized, phase III trial of panitumumab with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) versus FOLFOX4 alone as first-line treatment in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: the PRIME study. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[7]  N. Petrelli,et al.  The impact of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in the preoperative multimodality treatment in patients with carcinoma of the rectum: NSABP R-04. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[8]  T. Hickish,et al.  Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  P. Parseval,et al.  Structure of the { 001 } talc surface as seen by atomic force 1 microscopy : Comparison with X-ray and electron diffraction 2 results 3 4 , 2006 .

[10]  A. Lièvre,et al.  KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[11]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[12]  Yuman Fong,et al.  American Society of Clinical Oncology 2009 clinical evidence review on radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[13]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles-continuous outcomes. , 2013, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[14]  L. Påhlman.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a systematic overview of 8507 patients from 22 randomised trials. Commentary , 2001 .

[15]  Toshiaki Watanabe.  The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2010 for the treatment of colorectal cancer (The 49th annual meeting of Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology educational book) -- (JSCO University: Colorectal cancers) , 2011 .

[16]  C. V. D. van de Velde,et al.  Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients--a Dutch colorectal cancer group study. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[17]  F. Luo,et al.  Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α promotes hypoxia-induced A549 apoptosis via a mechanism that involves the glycolysis pathway , 2006, BMC Cancer.

[18]  H. Ikematsu,et al.  Risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with pedunculated type early invasive colorectal cancer: A retrospective multicenter study , 2011, Cancer science.

[19]  F. Kabbinavar,et al.  Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[20]  V. Devita,et al.  Cancer : Principles and Practice of Oncology , 1982 .

[21]  H. Thaler,et al.  Total mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[22]  P. Catalano,et al.  Surveillance for Second Primary Colorectal Cancer after Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Analysis of Intergroup 0089 , 2002, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[23]  W. Scheithauer,et al.  EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[24]  J. Tabernero,et al.  5LBA First efficacy findings from a randomized phase III trial of capecitabine + oxaliplatin vs. bolus 5-FU/LV for stage III colon cancer (NO16968/XELOXA study) , 2009 .

[25]  L Pagliaro,et al.  Preoperative radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer: A meta-analysis. , 2000, JAMA.

[26]  J. Douillard,et al.  Multicenter phase III study of uracil/tegafur and oral leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[27]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[28]  Elie A Akl,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes. , 2013, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[29]  Daniel J Sargent,et al.  A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[30]  G. Fontanini,et al.  FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: updated overall survival and molecular subgroup analyses of the open-label, phase 3 TRIBE study. , 2015, The Lancet. Oncology.

[31]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[32]  D. Sargent,et al.  Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial , 2013, The Lancet.

[33]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence--indirectness. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[34]  E. PeñaydelaPeña,et al.  [Cancer of the rectum]. , 1955, Revista de sanidad militar.

[35]  M. Egger,et al.  Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[36]  Marc Peeters,et al.  Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[37]  R. Aitken,et al.  Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer , 1996, The British journal of surgery.

[38]  Gerald Gartlehner,et al.  [GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence - indirectness]. , 2012, Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen.

[39]  K. Kaneko,et al.  Long-term outcomes after resection for submucosal invasive colorectal cancers. , 2013, Gastroenterology.

[40]  Daniel J. Freeman,et al.  Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[41]  E. Van Cutsem,et al.  Colon cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, adjuvant treatment and follow-up. , 2008, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[42]  W. Scheithauer,et al.  Bevacizumab in Combination With Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy As First-Line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Study , 2023, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[43]  Masahiro Yoshida,et al.  Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2016 for the treatment of colorectal cancer , 2012, International Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[44]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GrADe : what is “ quality of evidence ” and why is it important to clinicians ? rATING quALITY of evIDeNCe AND STreNGTH of reCommeNDATIoNS , 2022 .

[45]  A. Horvath,et al.  Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. , 2009, Clinical chemistry.

[46]  E. Van Cutsem,et al.  Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[47]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[48]  R. Barth,et al.  Interval hepatic resection of colorectal metastases improves patient selection. , 2000, Archives of surgery.

[49]  G. Steele,et al.  Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology , 1983 .

[50]  Richard L Schilsky,et al.  Cetuximab in the treatment of colorectal cancer. , 2004, Clinical advances in hematology & oncology : H&O.

[51]  Gerald Gartlehner,et al.  [GRADE guidelines 15: going from evidence to recommendation - determinants of a recommendation's direction and strength]. , 2014, Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen.

[52]  Professor Jinnai Dennosuke President.  General rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus , 2006, The Japanese journal of surgery.

[53]  Nhs Trust.  Impact on survival of intensive follow up after curative resection for colorectal cancer: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised trials , 2003 .

[54]  E. Keeffe,et al.  Detection and surveillance of colorectal cancer. , 1989, JAMA.

[55]  Merina Ahmed,et al.  Stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastases. , 2013, The Lancet. Oncology.

[56]  K. Bujko,et al.  Long‐term results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative short‐course radiotherapy with preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for rectal cancer , 2006, The British journal of surgery.

[57]  R. Heald,et al.  The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery—the clue to pelvic recurrence? , 1982, The British journal of surgery.

[58]  P. Catalano,et al.  Phase III study of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole in high-risk stage II and III colon cancer: final report of Intergroup 0089. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[59]  Rieken,et al.  [Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer]. , 2001, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al].

[60]  Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectum cancer. , 1990, Consensus statement. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference.

[61]  C. Fuchs,et al.  Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C Study. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[62]  M. Moore,et al.  A phase II, multicenter study of cetuximab monotherapy in patients with refractory, metastatic colorectal carcinoma with absent epidermal growth factor receptor immunostaining , 2011, Investigational New Drugs.

[63]  Kazuhiro Yoshida,et al.  Leucovorin, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab versus S-1 and oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (SOFT): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised phase 3 trial. , 2013, The Lancet. Oncology.

[64]  Toshihide Kumamoto,et al.  Correlations between lymph node metastasis and depth of submucosal invasion in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma: a Japanese collaborative study , 2004, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[65]  J. Kievit.  Follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer: numbers needed to test and treat. , 2002, European journal of cancer.

[66]  Incorporating considerations of resources use into grading recommendations , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[67]  V. Sondak,et al.  Reappraisal of hepatic arterial infusion in the treatment of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. , 1996, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[68]  Torsten Hothorn,et al.  Preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil and oxaliplatin versus fluorouracil alone in locally advanced rectal cancer: initial results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 randomised phase 3 trial. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[69]  M. Somerfield,et al.  American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[70]  L. Spaggiari,et al.  Surgical treatment of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancers. , 1998, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[71]  J. Hartmann,et al.  Randomized, open-label, phase III study of panitumumab (pmab) with FOLFIRI versus FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment (tx) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Efficacy by skin toxicity (ST). , 2010 .

[72]  B. Massuti,et al.  First-line single-agent panitumumab in frail elderly patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer and poor prognostic factors: A phase II study of the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours. , 2015, European journal of cancer.

[73]  Y Maruyama,et al.  A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[74]  Armando Santoro,et al.  Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[75]  P. Simmonds,et al.  Palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[76]  A. Lièvre,et al.  KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. , 2006, Cancer research.

[77]  Christian Jacques,et al.  Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer , 1998, The Lancet.

[78]  J. Tjandra,et al.  Follow-Up After Curative Resection of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis , 2007, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[79]  C. Morgan.  Cancer of the rectum. , 1951, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

[80]  K. Haruma,et al.  Conditions of curability after endoscopic resection for colorectal carcinoma with submucosally massive invasion. , 2000, Oncology reports.

[81]  N. Petrelli,et al.  A prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil versus 5-fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin versus 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate in previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. , 1987, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[82]  P. Laurent-Puig,et al.  KRAS mutation signature in colorectal tumors significantly overlaps with the cetuximab response signature. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[83]  Hein Putter,et al.  Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial. , 2011, The Lancet. Oncology.

[84]  Gerald Gartlehner,et al.  [GRADE guidelines: 10. Considering resource use and rating the quality of economic evidence]. , 2013, Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen.

[85]  M. Handzic.  5 , 1824, The Banality of Heidegger.

[86]  Ccg colorectal.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a systematic overview of 8507 patients from 22 randomised trials. , 2001 .

[87]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 5. Rating the quality of evidence--publication bias. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[88]  P. Catalano,et al.  Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[89]  R. Labianca,et al.  ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. a personalized approach to clinical decision making. , 2012, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[90]  C. Camma',et al.  Preoperative Radiotherapy for Resectable Rectal Cancer , 2013 .

[91]  J. Berlin,et al.  Bevacizumab in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin: an active regimen for first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[92]  G. Buess,et al.  Local therapy of rectal tumors , 1996, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[93]  P. Rougier,et al.  Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: a French intergroup study. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[94]  Y. Bang,et al.  Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) versus 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) as second-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III noninferiority study. , 2008, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[95]  M. Stockler,et al.  Capecitabine, bevacizumab, and mitomycin in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Randomized Phase III MAX Study. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[96]  C. Bokemeyer,et al.  Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[97]  N. Petrelli,et al.  Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: results from NSABP C-07. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[98]  Bernard Leduc,et al.  Preoperative radiotherapy with or without concurrent fluorouracil and leucovorin in T3-4 rectal cancers: results of FFCD 9203. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[99]  Howard Balshem,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[100]  R. Adam.  Developing strategies for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. , 2007, Seminars in oncology.

[101]  M. Egger,et al.  Mechanisms of improved survival from intensive followup in colorectal cancer: a hypothesis , 2005, British Journal of Cancer.

[102]  H. Putter,et al.  Impact of short-term preoperative radiotherapy on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomized trial. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[103]  P. Jänne,et al.  EGFR FISH assay predicts for response to cetuximab in chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer patients. , 2008, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[104]  D. Weinberg,et al.  Surveillance after colorectal cancer resection , 2000, The Lancet.

[105]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GRADE: grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[106]  Manuel Hidalgo,et al.  Expression of epiregulin and amphiregulin and K-ras mutation status predict disease control in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[107]  N. Sugimoto,et al.  TAS-102 monotherapy for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[108]  H. Schünemann,et al.  [GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence]. , 2013, Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen.

[109]  C. Earle,et al.  Follow-up of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: a practice guideline , 2003, BMC Cancer.

[110]  J. Tjandra,et al.  Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer , 2001, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[111]  L. Mell,et al.  Population-based study of competing mortality in head and neck cancer. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[112]  K. Sugihara,et al.  Resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal carcinoma , 1998, Cancer.

[113]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence--imprecision. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[114]  Elie A Akl,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations. , 2013, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[115]  M. Hollands,et al.  A Systematic Review of Clinical Response and Survival Outcomes of Downsizing Systemic Chemotherapy and Rescue Liver Surgery in Patients with Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases , 2012, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[116]  B. Vogelstein,et al.  PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch repair deficiency. , 2015, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[117]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence--study limitations (risk of bias). , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[118]  E Harrison,et al.  Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[119]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Going from evidence to recommendations , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[120]  C. Fuchs,et al.  Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: updated results from the BICC-C study. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[121]  C. Tournigand,et al.  FOLFIRI Followed by FOLFOX6 or the Reverse Sequence in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized GERCOR Study , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[122]  C. Boni,et al.  Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[123]  S. Kudo,et al.  MID‐TERM PROGNOSIS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION FOR SUBMUCOSAL COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: SUMMARY OF A MULTICENTER QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY CONDUCTED BY THE COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION STANDARDIZATION IMPLEMENTATION WORKING GROUP IN JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR CANCER OF THE COLON AND RECTUM , 2011, Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.

[124]  M. Ragozzino.  Detection and surveillance of colorectal cancer. , 1989, JAMA.

[125]  E. Van Cutsem,et al.  Ramucirumab versus placebo in combination with second-line FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma that progressed during or after first-line therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 study. , 2015, The Lancet. Oncology.

[126]  A. Oza,et al.  Randomized comparative study of tegafur/uracil and oral leucovorin versus parenteral fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[127]  Jinnai Dennosuke,et al.  General rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus , 1983 .

[128]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence--inconsistency. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[129]  R. Greil,et al.  First-line panitumumab plus irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer , 2011, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[130]  A. Orlandi,et al.  Single-Agent Panitumumab in Frail Elderly Patients With Advanced RAS and BRAF Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer: Challenging Drug Label to Light Up New Hope. , 2015, The oncologist.

[131]  C. Wilson,et al.  Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. , 2000, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[132]  L. Boni,et al.  Primary tumor response to preoperative chemoradiation with or without oxaliplatin in locally advanced rectal cancer: pathologic results of the STAR-01 randomized phase III trial. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[133]  S. Kudo,et al.  Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Flat and Depressed Types of Early Colorectal Cancer , 1993, Endoscopy.

[134]  N. Wolmark,et al.  A phase III trial comparing FULV to FULV + oxaliplatin in stage II or III carcinoma of the colon: Survival results of NSABP Protocol C-07 , 2005 .

[135]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  GRADE guidelines: 12. Preparing summary of findings tables-binary outcomes. , 2013, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[136]  R. Peto,et al.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a systematic overview of 8507 patients from 22 randomised trials , 2001, The Lancet.

[137]  Hidetaka Mochizuki,et al.  Risk factors for an adverse outcome in early invasive colorectal carcinoma. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[138]  Marc Peeters,et al.  Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[139]  M. Jeffery,et al.  Follow-up strategies for patients treated for non-metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2016, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[140]  T. Ishihara,et al.  Surgical treatment for both pulmonary and hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. , 1999, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[141]  M. Ragozzino.  Detection and surveillance of colorectal cancer. , 1989, JAMA.

[142]  陆星华,et al.  Palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis , 2001 .

[143]  L. Crinò,et al.  Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[144]  R. Labianca,et al.  Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[145]  Gerald Gartlehner,et al.  [GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence - inconsistency]. , 2012, Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen.

[146]  W. Scheithauer,et al.  Randomized phase III study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[147]  E. Glatstein.  Preoperative Versus Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer , 2006 .

[148]  E. Van Cutsem,et al.  Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large phase III study. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[149]  C. Akinsanya.  Cancer pain relief and palliative care , 1992 .

[150]  Laurence Collette,et al.  Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[151]  Dongsheng Tu,et al.  K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[152]  L Påhlman,et al.  Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[153]  Yoichi Tanaka,et al.  Microsatellite instability-low colorectal cancer acquires a KRAS mutation during the progression from Dukes' A to Dukes' B. , 2009, Carcinogenesis.

[154]  K. Shirouzu,et al.  Indication and Benefit of Pelvic Sidewall Dissection for Rectal Cancer , 2006, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[155]  I. Hyodo,et al.  Comparison of the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of a uracil/tegafur (UFT) plus oral leucovorin (LV) regimen between Japanese and American patients with advanced colorectal cancer: joint United States and Japan study of UFT/LV. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[156]  大腸癌研究会.  Japanese classification of colorectal carcinoma , 2009 .

[157]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[158]  Gordon H Guyatt,et al.  Incorporating considerations of resources use into grading recommendations , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[159]  H. Putter,et al.  The TME Trial After a Median Follow-up of 6 Years: Increased Local Control But No Survival Benefit in Irradiated Patients With Resectable Rectal Carcinoma , 2007, Annals of surgery.

[160]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations I: Critical appraisal of existing approaches The GRADE Working Group , 2004, BMC health services research.

[161]  A. Stiggelbout,et al.  Follow‐Up of Patients with Colorectal Cancer A Meta‐Analysis , 1994, Annals of surgery.

[162]  W. Scheithauer,et al.  Randomised comparison of combination chemotherapy plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. , 1993, BMJ.

[163]  Christophe Hennequin,et al.  Comparison of two neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the phase III trial ACCORD 12/0405-Prodige 2. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[164]  H. Friza.  Report of a WHO Expert Committee. (WHO Technical Report Series No. 807), VI. World Health Organization, Geneva (1991), 65 pages, Soft cover SFr. 11 , 1993 .

[165]  J. Tjandra,et al.  Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer * , 2001, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

[166]  T. Frebourg,et al.  Clinical relevance of KRAS mutation detection in metastatic colorectal cancer treated by Cetuximab plus chemotherapy , 2007, British Journal of Cancer.

[167]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[168]  Rainer Fietkau,et al.  Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[169]  F. Hughes,et al.  Quality of evidence , 2013, BDJ.

[170]  T. Conroy,et al.  Clinical outcome of the ACCORD 12/0405 PRODIGE 2 randomized trial in rectal cancer. , 2012, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[171]  R. James,et al.  Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial , 2000, The Lancet.

[172]  J. Bosset,et al.  Multicenter randomized trial of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid compared with surgery alone after resection of colorectal liver metastases: FFCD ACHBTH AURC 9002 trial. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[173]  J. Berlin,et al.  Superiority of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil-leucovorin compared with either therapy alone in patients with progressive colorectal cancer after irinotecan and fluorouracil-leucovorin: interim results of a phase III trial. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[174]  D. Goldstein,et al.  Randomized trial of short-course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with T3 rectal cancer: Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial 01.04. , 2012, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[175]  E. Blackstone,et al.  Is resection of pulmonary and hepatic metastases warranted in patients with colorectal cancer? , 1999, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[176]  P. Kienle,et al.  Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[177]  Jinnai Dennosuke,et al.  General rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus , 1983 .

[178]  Takashi Shibata,et al.  Microwave coagulation therapy for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma , 2000, Cancer.

[179]  I. Hyodo,et al.  Irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) versus fluorouracil and folinic acid plus irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomised phase 2/3 non-inferiority study (FIRIS study). , 2010, The Lancet. Oncology.