Structural Reciprocity: Critical Overview and Promising Research/Design Issues

Reciprocity is a structural principle that has fascinated designers and builders throughout the world since ancient times. Despite the topic’s having been studied by various academics, designers and researchers, a critical overview of the references is still missing, as is an outline and discussion of the current and future promising research/design issues. Further, no single text provides an exhaustive definition of the principle of structural reciprocity and it must be critically reconstructed from several different sources. This paper aims to fill in these gaps, providing a complete and annotated list of references, in which historical examples, as well as patents, research articles and terminological issues are discussed. A consistent definition of structural reciprocity is also proposed, and the promising developments of such a principle are outlined in order to guide designers and researchers in the future.

[1]  Abel Blouet,et al.  Traité théorique et pratique de l'art de bâtir , 1847 .

[2]  Poul Henning Kirkegaard,et al.  Hybrid Optimization in the Design of Reciprocal Structures , 2012 .

[3]  Mario Sassone,et al.  On Deployable Reciprocal Frames: from the mathematical description to the architectural applications , 2010 .

[4]  Poul Henning Kirkegaard,et al.  Towards Free-Form Kinetic Structures , 2012 .

[5]  John Chilton,et al.  Multi-reciprocal element (MRE) space structure systems , 2002 .

[6]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  The multi-reciprocal grid system , 1999 .

[7]  J. Smith,et al.  English cathedral carpentry , 1974 .

[8]  Fabio Gramazio,et al.  Advances in Architectural Geometry 2016 , 2016 .

[9]  Mario Sassone,et al.  Kinematic and static analysis of plane recirpocal frames , 2009 .

[10]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  Design of nexorades or reciprocal frame systems with the dynamic relaxation method , 2009 .

[11]  Maurizio Brocato.  Reciprocal Frames: Kinematical Determinacy and Limit Analysis , 2011 .

[12]  Biagio Di Carlo.  The Wooden Roofs of Leonardo and New Structural Research , 2008 .

[13]  Melvin L. Baron,et al.  Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division , 1956 .

[14]  Sylvie Duvernoy.  An Introduction to Leonardo’s Lattices , 2008 .

[15]  John Chilton,et al.  Polyhedric space structures using reciprocally supported elements of various cross-sections , 2001 .

[16]  Dario Parigi,et al.  Morphogenesis of Kinetic Reciprocal Frames , 2011 .

[17]  P Disney,et al.  Space structures 5 , 2002 .

[18]  Olga Popovic Larsen,et al.  Reciprocal frame architecture , 2007 .

[19]  O. Baverel,et al.  Investigation into a New Type of Multi-Reciprocal Grid , 1998 .

[20]  Poul Henning Kirkegaard,et al.  Design and Fabrication of Free-Form Reciprocal Structures , 2014 .

[21]  Simon Gelez,et al.  Workshop « Ateliers Design » : « Nexorades, Facing an Emergency Situation » , 2011 .

[22]  Ernst Gombrich,et al.  The Sense of Order: A Study in the Psychology of Decorative Art , 1979 .

[23]  Sylvie Duvernoy.  Leonardo and Theoretical Mathematics , 2008 .

[24]  Il codice atlantico : della Biblioteca ambrosiana di Milano , 2006 .

[25]  John Chilton,et al.  Reciprocal frame long span structures , 1992 .

[26]  Udo Thönnissen,et al.  A Form-Finding Instrument for Reciprocal Structures , 2014 .

[27]  Toni Kotnik,et al.  Systemic Behaviour of Plane Reciprocal Frame Structures , 2011 .

[28]  Carlo Deregibus.  The church of Longuelo by Pino Pizzigoni. Design and construction of an experimental structure , 2010 .

[29]  Daniel Gat.  SELFSUPPORTING INTERLOCKING GRIDS FOR MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS (SIGMA) , 1978 .

[30]  Jia Yu,et al.  Morphology of reciprocal frame three-dimensional grillage structures , 1994 .

[31]  Attilio Pizzigoni.  A high fiber reinforced concrete prototype for reciprocal structures of demountable building , 2009 .

[32]  P. H. Kirkegaard,et al.  Static and Kinematic Formulation of Planar Reciprocal Assemblies , 2014 .

[33]  O. Baverel A. Pugnale.  Reciprocal systems based on planar elements , 2013 .

[34]  Olivier L. S. Baverel.  Nexorades: A Family of Interwoven Space Structures , 2000 .

[35]  Rinus Roelofs.  Two- and Three-Dimensional Constructions Based on Leonardo Grids , 2008 .

[36]  J. P. Rizzuto,et al.  Connection Systems in Reciprocal Frames and Mutually Supported Elements Space Structure Networks , 2010 .

[37]  Messaoud Saidani,et al.  Structural behaviour of square grids with mutually supported elements under static loading , 2004 .

[38]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  Retractable multi-reciprocal grid structure , 1998 .

[39]  Poul Henning Kirkegaard,et al.  The Principle of Structural Reciprocity: history, properties and design issues , 2011 .

[40]  Olga Popovic Larsen.  Reciprocal Frame Architecture in Japan , 2010 .

[41]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  A Review of Woven Structures with Focus on Reciprocal Systems - Nexorades , 2011 .

[42]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  Morphological and Mechanical Investigation of Double-Layer Reciprocal Structures , 2014 .

[43]  Rinus Roelofs.  Three-Dimensional and Dynamic Constructions Based on Leonardo Grids , 2005 .

[44]  Udo Thönnissen,et al.  Reciprocal Frames – Teaching Experiences , 2011 .

[45]  F. Escrig,et al.  Frames Designed by Leonardo with Short Pieces. An Analytical Approach , 2011 .

[46]  D. L. Dean.  One-dimensional circular arrays of lamella beams , 1997 .

[47]  H. Nooshin,et al.  Configuration processing of nexorades using genetic algorithms , 2004 .

[48]  J. Rizzuto.  Dodecahedric mutually supported element space structure experimental and numerical modelling investigation: discussion of results , 2010 .

[49]  David Yeomans,et al.  The Serlio floor and its derivations , 1997, Architectural Research Quarterly.

[50]  R. Bechmann.  Villard de Honnecourt , 1991 .

[51]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  Analytical Investigations on Elementary Nexorades , 2011 .

[52]  Werner Blaser,et al.  Joint and connection : ideas in furniture design and their background , 1992 .

[53]  Alberto Pugnale,et al.  Approaching Technical Issues in Architectural Education , 2012 .

[54]  John Chilton,et al.  `Reciprocal frame' 3-dimensional grillage structures , 1995 .

[55]  Olivier Baverel,et al.  Nexorades Based on Regular Polyhedra , 2007 .

[56]  Raymond Hulse,et al.  Dodecahedric Mutually Supported Element Space Structure: Experimental Investigation , 2007 .

[57]  Peng Song,et al.  Reciprocal frame structures made easy , 2013, ACM Trans. Graph..

[58]  Lina Puertas del Río.  Las estructuras de Emilio Pérez Piñero , 1993 .

[59]  Alan Song-Ching Tai.  Design for assembly : a computational approach to construct interlocking wooden frames , 2012 .

[60]  John Chilton.  Development of timber reciprocal frame structures in the UK , 2009 .

[61]  Maurizio Brocato,et al.  Geometric methods and computational mechanics for the design of stone domes based on Abeille's bond , 2010, AAG.

[62]  Ernst Gombrich,et al.  The Sense of Order. , 1980 .

[63]  Olga Popovic.  Reciprocal frame structures , 1996 .

[64]  Simon Gelez,et al.  Behavior of a Simple Nexorade or Reciprocal Frame System , 2011 .

[65]  John Chilton,et al.  Reciprocal frames: past, present and future , 1995 .