Transfer of anticonvulsants and lithium into amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood & breast milk: A systematic review & combined analysis

[1]  S. Kochen,et al.  Breastfeeding while on treatment with antiseizure medications: a systematic review from the ILAE Women Task Force , 2022, Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape.

[2]  Y. Ghasemi,et al.  Efflux dynamics of the antiseizure drug, levetiracetam, through the P-glycoprotein channel revealed by advanced comparative molecular simulations , 2022, Scientific Reports.

[3]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in mothers, colostrum, and breastfed newborns: Comparison with concentrations determined during delivery and in the mature milk period. , 2022, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[4]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Monitoring of lamotrigine concentrations in mothers, colostrum, and breastfed newborns during the early postpartum period. , 2022, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[5]  T. Obara,et al.  Trends in the prescription of anti-seizure medicines for pregnant women outpatients with epilepsy during 2016–2020 in Japan , 2022, Seizure.

[6]  P. Perucca,et al.  Epileptic seizure control during and after pregnancy in Australian women , 2022, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[7]  R. Shawahna,et al.  Concentrations of antiseizure medications in breast milk of lactating women with epilepsy: A systematic review with qualitative synthesis , 2022, Seizure.

[8]  F. Rosenow,et al.  Trends in antiseizure medication prescription patterns among all adults, women, and older adults with epilepsy: A German longitudinal analysis from 2008 to 2020 , 2022, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[9]  K. Meador,et al.  Antiseizure Medication Concentrations During Pregnancy: Results From the Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) Study. , 2022, JAMA neurology.

[10]  E. Spina,et al.  Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with oral haloperidol in adults: dose correction factors from a combined weighted analysis , 2022, Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology.

[11]  D. Stepensky,et al.  Magnitude of Lamotrigine Exposure Through Breastfeeding. , 2022, Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.

[12]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Valproic Acid Concentrations in Mothers, Colostrum and Breastfed Infants during the Early Postpartum Period: Comparison with Concentrations Determined during Delivery and in the Mature Milk Period , 2021, Pharmaceutics.

[13]  K. Langohr,et al.  Neonatal Feeding Trajectories in Mothers With Bipolar Disorder Taking Lithium: Pharmacokinetic Data , 2021, Frontiers in Pharmacology.

[14]  M. Shad,et al.  Valproic acid autoinduction: a case-based review , 2021, International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.

[15]  D. Stepensky,et al.  Levetiracetam in lactation: How much is excreted into human breast milk? , 2021, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[16]  A. Lekoubou,et al.  Contemporary trends in antiepileptic drug treatment among women of childbearing age with epilepsy in the United States: 2004–2015 , 2021, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[17]  S. Johannessen,et al.  Pharmacokinetic data on brivaracetam, lacosamide and perampanel during pregnancy and lactation. , 2021, Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape.

[18]  C. Lander,et al.  Monitoring for valproate and phenytoin toxicity in hypoalbuminaemia: A retrospective cohort study , 2021, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[19]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Monitoring topiramate concentrations at delivery and during lactation. , 2021, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[20]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Umbilical Cord, Maternal Milk, and Breastfed Infant Levetiracetam Concentrations Monitoring at Delivery and during Early Postpartum Period , 2021, Pharmaceutics.

[21]  J. Stingl,et al.  Antidepressant transfer into amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood & breast milk: A systematic review & combined analysis , 2020, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[22]  C. Garcia-Esperon,et al.  Epilepsy and pregnancy. Factors associated with epileptic seizures during pregnancy. , 2020, Neurologia.

[23]  D. Menkes,et al.  Sodium valproate prescription to women of childbearing age in a New Zealand inpatient psychiatric unit , 2020, Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.

[24]  O. Spigset,et al.  Excretion of antipsychotics into the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, and breast milk: A systematic critical review and combined analysis. , 2020, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[25]  S. Hernández-Díaz,et al.  Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizer and Lithium Use and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. , 2019, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[26]  D. Bogen,et al.  Risk-Benefit assessment of infant exposure to lithium through breast milk: a systematic review of the literature , 2019, International review of psychiatry.

[27]  A. Young,et al.  Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy Outcomes. , 2019, The American journal of psychiatry.

[28]  S. Eksborg,et al.  Plasma concentrations of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein in preterm and term newborns: influence of mode of delivery and implications for plasma protein binding of local anaesthetics , 2018, British journal of anaesthesia.

[29]  J. Stingl,et al.  Comprehensive Measurements of Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to Lamotrigine , 2018, Pharmacopsychiatry.

[30]  L. Ekström,et al.  UGT polymorphisms and lamotrigine clearance during pregnancy , 2018, Epilepsy Research.

[31]  P. G. Larsson,et al.  Utilisation and polypharmacy aspects of antiepileptic drugs in elderly versus younger patients with epilepsy: A pharmacoepidemiological study of CNS-active drugs in Norway, 2004-2015 , 2018, Epilepsy Research.

[32]  R. Baldessarini,et al.  Mood-Stabilizing Anticonvulsants, Spina Bifida, and Folate Supplementation: Commentary , 2017, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[33]  S. Eyal,et al.  The Placental Barrier: the Gate and the Fate in Drug Distribution , 2018, Pharmaceutical Research.

[34]  K Domschke,et al.  Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017 , 2017, Pharmacopsychiatry.

[35]  F. Veit,et al.  Detection of drugs in paired maternal and umbilical cord blood samples , 2017 .

[36]  A. Tricco,et al.  Comparative safety of anti-epileptic drugs during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of congenital malformations and prenatal outcomes , 2017, BMC Medicine.

[37]  P. Pennell,et al.  Placental passage of antiepileptic drugs at delivery and neonatal outcomes , 2017, Epilepsia.

[38]  H. Hassanian‐Moghaddam,et al.  Lithium Toxicity in a Pregnant Woman , 2017, Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.

[39]  G. Koren,et al.  Pregnancy-Associated Changes in Pharmacokinetics: A Systematic Review , 2016, PLoS medicine.

[40]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in maternal and umbilical cord blood at birth: Influence of co-administration of valproic acid or enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs , 2016, Epilepsy Research.

[41]  A. Płotka,et al.  The Pharmacokinetics of Pregabalin in Breast Milk, Plasma, and Urine of Healthy Postpartum Women , 2016, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.

[42]  M. Marvanova.  Pharmacokinetic characteristics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) , 2016, The mental health clinician.

[43]  M. Grundmann,et al.  Serum levels of valproic acid during delivery in mothers and in umbilical cord - correlation with birth length and weight. , 2015, Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.

[44]  P. Ylikotila,et al.  Early pregnancy cerebral venous thrombosis and status epilepticus treated with levetiracetam and lacosamide throughout pregnancy. , 2015, Reproductive toxicology.

[45]  Kristian Thorlund,et al.  The PRISMA Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-analyses of Health Care Interventions: Checklist and Explanations , 2015, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[46]  E. Taubøll,et al.  The impact of seizures on pregnancy and delivery , 2015, Seizure.

[47]  B. Wilffert,et al.  Lactation studies of anticonvulsants: a quality review. , 2015, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[48]  D. Moher,et al.  Reporting Guidelines for Clinical Pharmacokinetic Studies: The ClinPK Statement , 2015, Clinical Pharmacokinetics.

[49]  S. Rosenbaum,et al.  Developmental pharmacokinetics in pediatric populations. , 2014, The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG.

[50]  S. Hernández-Díaz,et al.  Alteration of bioelectrically-controlled processes in the embryo: a teratogenic mechanism for anticonvulsants. , 2014, Reproductive toxicology.

[51]  M. Freeman,et al.  Pharmacotherapy for Mood Disorders in Pregnancy: A Review of Pharmacokinetic Changes and Clinical Recommendations for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring , 2014, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[52]  Mitsuaki Suzuki,et al.  Two nursing mothers treated with zonisamide: Should breast‐feeding be avoided? , 2014, The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research.

[53]  K. Wisner,et al.  Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder. , 2013, The American journal of psychiatry.

[54]  G. Gründer,et al.  Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) in maternal serum, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood during pregnancy and delivery , 2013 .

[55]  A. Woźniak,et al.  [Valproic acid concentration in the blood serum of pregnant women and umbilical cord blood in relation to the condition of the newborn--case studies]. , 2013, Przeglad lekarski.

[56]  L. Brandt,et al.  Risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women treated or not treated with mood stabilisers for bipolar disorder: population based cohort study , 2012, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[57]  S. Eyal,et al.  Drug Interactions at the Human Placenta: What is the Evidence? , 2012, Front. Pharmacol..

[58]  G. Koren,et al.  The Human Placental Perfusion Model: A Systematic Review and Development of a Model to Predict In Vivo Transfer of Therapeutic Drugs , 2011, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[59]  C. Schaefer.  Drug safety in pregnancy: Utopia or achievable prospect? Risk information, risk research and advocacy in Teratology Information Services , 2011, Congenital anomalies.

[60]  L. Småbrekke,et al.  Severe Apnea in an Infant Exposed to Lamotrigine in Breast Milk , 2009, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[61]  W. Henrich,et al.  Prospectively assessed changes in lamotrigine-concentration in women with epilepsy during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period , 2009, Epilepsy Research.

[62]  P. Modrego,et al.  Levetiracetam plasma level monitoring during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum: Clinical and outcome implications , 2009, Epilepsy & Behavior.

[63]  P. Pennell,et al.  Lamotrigine in Breast Milk and Nursing Infants: Determination of Exposure , 2008, Pediatrics.

[64]  L. Chaudron,et al.  ABM clinical protocol #18: use of antidepressants in nursing mothers. , 2008, Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.

[65]  J. Donovan,et al.  Sertraline and its metabolite desmethylsertraline, but not bupropion or its three major metabolites, have high affinity for P-glycoprotein. , 2008, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[66]  M. Bartels,et al.  Oxcarbazepine treatment during breast-feeding: a case report. , 2007, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[67]  R. Baldessarini,et al.  Risk of recurrence in women with bipolar disorder during pregnancy: prospective study of mood stabilizer discontinuation. , 2007, The American journal of psychiatry.

[68]  E. Ben-Menachem,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam during Pregnancy, Delivery, in the Neonatal Period, and Lactation , 2007, Epilepsia.

[69]  R. Baldessarini,et al.  Lithium in breast milk and nursing infants: clinical implications. , 2007, The American journal of psychiatry.

[70]  K. Ilett,et al.  Gabapentin and Breastfeeding: A Case Report , 2006, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.

[71]  W. Fröscher,et al.  Topiramateinnahme während des Stillens , 2006 .

[72]  D. Newport,et al.  Lithium placental passage and obstetrical outcome: implications for clinical management during late pregnancy. , 2005, The American journal of psychiatry.

[73]  T. Tomson,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of Gabapentin during Delivery, in the Neonatal Period, and Lactation: Does a Fetal Accumulation Occur during Pregnancy? , 2005, Epilepsia.

[74]  S. Johannessen,et al.  Levetiracetam Concentrations in Serum and in Breast Milk at Birth and during Lactation , 2005, Epilepsia.

[75]  Kelly M. Smith,et al.  The Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Women Who Are Breastfeeding , 2005, Pharmacotherapy.

[76]  H. Nau,et al.  The disposition of valproate and its metabolites in the late first trimester and early second trimester of pregnancy in maternal serum, urine, and amniotic fluid: Effect of dose, co-medication, and the presence of spina bifida , 1992, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[77]  Mona Pote,et al.  Phenobarbital toxic levels in a nursing neonate. , 2004, Indian pediatrics.

[78]  M. Engelsman,et al.  Gestation-induced changes in lamotrigine pharmacokinetics: A monotherapy study , 2004, Neurology.

[79]  ma,et al.  Antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and the breastfeeding dyad. , 2004, Perspectives in psychiatric care.

[80]  P. Bülau,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine in the newborn child of an oxcarbazepine-treated mother , 2004, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[81]  P. Myllynen,et al.  Transplacental passage of lamotrigine in a human placental perfusion system in vitro and in maternal and cord blood in vivo , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[82]  T. Tomson,et al.  Topiramate Kinetics during Delivery, Lactation, and in the Neonate: Preliminary Observations , 2002, Epilepsia.

[83]  T. Kusaka,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide in perinatal period , 2002, Brain and Development.

[84]  P. Myllynen,et al.  Transplacental Passage of Oxcarbazepine and Its Metabolites In Vivo , 2001, Epilepsia.

[85]  F. Ebbesen,et al.  Neonatal hypoglycaemia and withdrawal symptoms after exposure in utero to valproate , 2000, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition.

[86]  O. Spigset,et al.  Anticonvulsant Use During Lactation , 2000, Drug safety.

[87]  T. Tomson,et al.  Lamotrigine in Pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics During Delivery, in the Neonate, and During Lactation , 2000, Epilepsia.

[88]  P. Patsalos.  Pharmacokinetic profile of levetiracetam: toward ideal characteristics. , 2000, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[89]  K. Sugawara,et al.  Monitoring of zonisamide in human breast milk and maternal plasma by solid-phase extraction HPLC method. , 1999, Biomedical chromatography : BMC.

[90]  R. Kumar,et al.  Psychotropic drugs in mothers' milk: a comprehensive review of assay methods, pharmacokinetics and of safety of breast-feeding , 1999, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[91]  Yoshiharu Saito,et al.  Monitoring of phenytoin in human breast milk, maternal plasma and cord blood plasma by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. , 1998, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[92]  E. Rey,et al.  Vigabatrin: placental transfer in vivo and excretion into breast milk of the enantiomers. , 1998, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[93]  K. Wisner,et al.  Fluoxetine and Carbamazepine Concentrations in a Nursing Motier/Infant Pair , 1998, Clinical pediatrics.

[94]  T. Tomson,et al.  Lamotrigine in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Case Report , 1997, Epilepsia.

[95]  K. Vähäkangas,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of Oxcarbazepine and Carbamazepine in Human Placenta , 1997, Epilepsia.

[96]  S. Stodieck,et al.  Concentrations of lamotrigine in a mother on lamotrigine treatment and her newborn child , 1997, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[97]  K. Furuno,et al.  PHENOBARBITAL IN SERA OF EPILEPTIC MOTHERS AND THEIR INFANTS , 1995, American journal of therapeutics.

[98]  Gian Maria Pacifici,et al.  Placental Transfer of Drugs Administered to the Mother , 1995, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[99]  O Pelkonen,et al.  Carbamazepine and Its Metabolites in Human Perfused Placenta and in Maternal and Cord Blood , 1995, Epilepsia.

[100]  M. Hernández-Serrano,et al.  Phenytoin serum concentration monitoring during pregnancy and puerperium in Mexican epileptic women. , 1995, Archives of medical research.

[101]  T. Tomson,et al.  Ethosuximide enantiomers in pregnancy and lactation. , 1994, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[102]  G. Pons,et al.  Excretion of Psychoactive Drugs into Breast Milk , 1994, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[103]  N. Sharts‐Hopko.  Lithium and pregnancy. , 1993, MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing.

[104]  D. Lindhout,et al.  The 10,11‐Epoxide‐10,11‐diol Pathway of Carbamazepine in Early Pregnancy in Maternal Serum, Urine, and Amniotic Fluid: Effect of Dose, Comedication, and Relation to Outcome of Pregnancy , 1993, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[105]  Hisashi Tanaka,et al.  Protein binding of four antiepileptic drugs in maternal and umbilical cord serum , 1992, Epilepsy Research.

[106]  S. Ferrazzani,et al.  Placental transfer of phenobarbital: what is new? , 1992, Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics.

[107]  M. Izumi,et al.  [Effects of antiepileptic drugs on delivery and early childhood--comparison among mono-therapies of valproic acid, phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital]. , 1991, Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology.

[108]  W. Rayburn,et al.  Oral phenobarbital given antenatally to reduce neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. A comparison between maternal and umbilical cord serum levels at delivery. , 1989, Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.

[109]  N. Tsuru,et al.  Three Cases of Delivery under Sodium Valproate—Placental Transfer, Milk Transfer and Probable Teratogenicity of Sodium Valproate— , 1988, The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology.

[110]  H. Nau,et al.  Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: total and free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal behavior. , 1988, Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics.

[111]  K. Otani,et al.  Placental transfer and neonatal elimination of mono-unsaturated metabolites of valproic acid. , 1987, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[112]  J. Fisher,et al.  Neonatal Apnea Associated With Maternal. Clonazepam Therapy: A Case Report , 1985, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[113]  E. Zola,et al.  Determinants of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide binding to serum protein, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. , 1984, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[114]  M. Eichelbaum,et al.  Carbamazepine Levels in Breast Milk , 1984, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[115]  G. V. von Unruh,et al.  Valproic Acid in Breast Milk: How Much Is Really There? , 1984, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[116]  H. Nau,et al.  Valproic acid in the perinatal period: decreased maternal serum protein binding results in fetal accumulation and neonatal displacement of the drug and some metabolites. , 1984, The Journal of pediatrics.

[117]  R. Gugler,et al.  Protein Binding of Valproic Acid in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Serum , 1984, Epilepsia.

[118]  K. Otani,et al.  Transplacental passage and half-life of sodium valproate in infants born to epileptic mothers. , 1983, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[119]  H. Nau,et al.  Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11- epoxide during pregnancy and postnatal period in epileptic mother and their nursed infants: pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. , 1983, Pediatric pharmacology.

[120]  C. Elwin,et al.  Phenytoin Excretion in Human Breast Milk and Plasma Levels in Nursed Infants , 1982, Therapeutic drug monitoring.

[121]  R. Kriel,et al.  Clonazepam and pregnancy , 1982, Annals of neurology.

[122]  L. Taitz,et al.  DROWSINESS DUE TO CLEMASTINE TRANSMITTED IN BREAST MILK , 1982, The Lancet.

[123]  A. Rane,et al.  Ethosuximide in human milk and in plasma of a mother and her nursed infant. , 1981, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[124]  H. Nau,et al.  Valproic acid and its metabolites: placental transfer, neonatal pharmacokinetics, transfer via mother's milk and clinical status in neonates of epileptic mothers. , 1981, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[125]  K. Chiba,et al.  Placental transfer of anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid) and the elimination from neonates. , 1981, Pediatric pharmacology.

[126]  T. Sato,et al.  The levels of anticonvulsants in breast milk. , 1979, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[127]  N. Gerber,et al.  Transmission of valproic acid (Depakene) across the placenta: half-life of the drug in mother and baby. , 1979, The Journal of pediatrics.

[128]  F. Alexander.  Sodium valproate and pregnancy. , 1979, Archives of disease in childhood.

[129]  Michael E. Cohen,et al.  Ethosuximide Pharmacokinetics in a Pregnant Patient and Her Newborn , 1978, Epilepsia.

[130]  S. Pynnönen,et al.  Carbamazepine: placental transport, tissue concentrations in foetus and newborn, and level in milk. , 2009, Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica.

[131]  A. Glen,et al.  Labour on lithium. , 1976, British medical journal.

[132]  F. Sjöqvist,et al.  Plasma disappearance of transplacentally transferred diphenylhydantoin in the newborn studied by mass fragmentography , 1974, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[133]  A. Amdisen,et al.  Lithium and Pregnancy—III, Lithium Ingestion by Children Breast-Fed by Women on Lithium Treatment , 1973, British medical journal.

[134]  R. Snyder,et al.  Transplacental passage of primidone , 1973, Neurology.

[135]  W. Tunnessen,et al.  Toxic effects of lithium in newborn infants: a commentary. , 1972, The Journal of pediatrics.

[136]  B. Mirkin.  Placental transfer and neonatal elimination of diphenylhydantoin. , 1971, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[137]  B. Mirkin.  Diphenylhydantoin: placental transport, fetal localization, neonatal metabolism, and possible teratogenic effects. , 1971, The Journal of pediatrics.

[138]  E. Randinitis,et al.  Passage of diphenylhydantoin across the placenta. , 1970, JAMA.

[139]  M. Weinstein,et al.  Lithium carbonate treatment during pregnancy; report of a case. , 1969, Diseases of the nervous system.

[140]  O. Svensmark,et al.  Placental transfer of phenobarbitone in epileptic women, and elimination in newborns. , 1967, Lancet.

[141]  M. Kristensen,et al.  SOURCES OF ERROR IN THE DETERMINATION OF PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN®) BY SVENSMARK & KRISTENSEN'S METHOD , 1967, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.