Study of electric vehicles penetration in Singapore and its potential impact on distribution grid

The various schemes of electric vehicle (EV) charging and the related impacts on electrical generation, transmission and distribution systems has been the subject of intense research over the past decade. The major problems have been narrowed down more to the distribution side of the electricity network. With this background, it becomes critical for a place like Singapore with heavy reliance on electricity as the prime mover for its industrial and domestic growth, to be well positioned to the ever-increasing potential demand that the electric vehicle market brings to table at the present growth rate and also the potential increase and growth that EV segment will bring in the next few decades. In this context it becomes necessary to understand the capability requirements of the distribution sectors in different areas of Singapore and upgrade to meet the challenges of 2050 where required. The present study is aimed to give a consolidated understanding of the typical problems on the distribution side and also analyze the capacity based on a projected EV increase of the passenger vehicle sector and calculate and predict the overloading on the distribution transformer requirements in particular under the different EV penetration scenarios mentioned in the Electromobility roadmap study for Singapore. Analysis will also focus on the impact of type of charging levels like single phase, three phase and fast DC charging.