Dynamics of a class of immune networks. II. Oscillatory activity of cellular and humoral components.

Simulations show that for a certain range of its free parameters, a model of the immune network including both cellular and humoral components is capable of self-sustained oscillations. The model also possesses a number of fixed points which appear to be unstable. These results, taken together, suggest the hypothesis that the immune network may be able to sustain a non-degenerate diversity of active clones which are actively connected to each other only on condition that the activities of these clones are oscillatory.

[1]  L. Segel,et al.  Shape space: an approach to the evaluation of cross-reactivity effects, stability and controllability in the immune system. , 1989, Immunology letters.

[2]  F. Varela,et al.  The relationship between connectivity and tolerance as revealed by computer simulation of the immune network: some lessons for an understanding of autoimmunity. , 1989, Journal of autoimmunity.

[3]  P Hogeweg,et al.  Idiotypic networks incorporating T-B cell co-operation. The conditions for percolation. , 1989, Journal of theoretical biology.

[4]  Alan S. Perelson,et al.  Some mathematical models of receptor clustering by multivalent ligands , 1984 .

[5]  R. J. Boer.  Poor repertoire selection in symmetric idiotypic network models , 1989 .

[6]  F J Varela,et al.  Self and non-sense: an organism-centered approach to immunology. , 1978, Medical hypotheses.

[7]  Pauline Hogeweg,et al.  Unreasonable implications of reasonable idiotypic network assumptions , 1989 .

[8]  Pauline Hogeweg,et al.  Memory but no suppression in low-dimensional symmetric idiotypic networks , 1989, Bulletin of mathematical biology.

[9]  A. Coutinho,et al.  Functional Analysis of B Cell Heterogeneity , 1975, Transplantation reviews.

[10]  F. Varela,et al.  Evidence for a functional idiotypic network among natural antibodies in normal mice. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  Alan S. Perelson,et al.  The immune system, adaptation, and machine learning , 1986 .

[12]  F. Varela,et al.  Exploring the Meaning of Connectivity in the Immune Network , 1989, Immunological reviews.

[13]  A. Perelson.  Immune Network Theory , 1989, Immunological reviews.

[14]  F. Melchers,et al.  Maturation of mitogen‐activated bone marrow‐derived lymphocytes in the absence of proliferation , 1974, European journal of immunology.

[15]  F. Varela,et al.  Dynamics of a class of immune networks. I. Global stability of idiotype interactions. , 1990, Journal of theoretical biology.

[16]  Gérard Weisbuch.  Dynamical Behavior of Discrete Models of Jerne’s Network , 1989 .

[17]  F. Melchers,et al.  Inhibition of mitogenic stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by anti‐mouse immunoglobulin antibodies. I. Mode of action , 1974, European journal of immunology.