The phosphatidylserine receptor: a crucial molecular switch?

The uptake and removal of necrotic or lysed cells involves inflammation and an immune response, due in part to processes that involve members of the collectin family, surface calreticulin and CD91. Clearance of apoptotic cells, by contrast, does not induce either inflammation or immunity. Could the phosphatidylserine receptor be the molecular switch that determines what the outcome will be?

[1]  C. Haslett,et al.  Human monocyte-derived macrophage phagocytosis of senescent eosinophils undergoing apoptosis. Mediation by alpha v beta 3/CD36/thrombospondin recognition mechanism and lack of phlogistic response. , 1996, The American journal of pathology.

[2]  R. Davis,et al.  In vivo detection and imaging of phosphatidylserine expression during programmed cell death. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  H. Scherthan,et al.  Bouquet formation in budding yeast: initiation of recombination is not required for meiotic telomere clustering. , 1999, Journal of cell science.

[4]  C. Gregory,et al.  CD14-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells: relevance to the immune system. , 2000, Current opinion in immunology.

[5]  V. Ganapathy,et al.  Primary structure, functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern of human ATA2, a subtype of amino acid transport system A. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[6]  V. Fadok,et al.  Appearance of Phosphatidylserine on Apoptotic Cells Requires Calcium-mediated Nonspecific Flip-Flop and Is Enhanced by Loss of the Aminophospholipid Translocase* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[7]  R. Schlegel,et al.  A Subfamily of P-Type ATPases with Aminophospholipid Transporting Activity , 1996, Science.

[8]  K. Ravichandran,et al.  Evidence for a Conserved Role for CrkII and Rac in Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[9]  P. Srivastava,et al.  Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat shock proteins, which deliver a partial maturation signal to dendritic cells and activate the NF-kappa B pathway. , 2000, International immunology.

[10]  V. Fadok,et al.  Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. , 1998, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[11]  D A Agard,et al.  Evidence for the coincident initiation of homolog pairing and synapsis during the telomere-clustering (bouquet) stage of meiotic prophase. , 2000, Journal of cell science.

[12]  D. Ucker,et al.  Distinct modes of macrophage recognition for apoptotic and necrotic cells are not specified exclusively by phosphatidylserine exposure. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[13]  D. Fawcett.  THE FINE STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE MEIOTIC PROPHASE OF VERTEBRATE SPERMATOCYTES , 1956, The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology.

[14]  H. Hydén,et al.  A receptor for phosphatidylserine-speci ® c clearance of apoptotic cells , 2000 .

[15]  R. Voll,et al.  Treatment with annexin V increases immunogenicity of apoptotic human T-cells in Balb/c mice , 2000, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[16]  J. McIntosh,et al.  A Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain Is Required for Oscillatory Nuclear Movement of Meiotic Prophase and Efficient Meiotic Recombination in Fission Yeast , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[17]  P. Srivastava,et al.  Calreticulin, a Peptide-binding Chaperone of the Endoplasmic Reticulum, Elicits Tumor- and Peptide-specific Immunity , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[18]  H. Scherthan,et al.  Dynamics of chromosome organization and pairing during meiotic prophase in fission yeast , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[19]  Robin C. Allshire,et al.  Defective meiosis in telomere-silencing mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe , 1998, Nature.

[20]  U. Holmskov.  Collectins and collectin receptors in innate immunity , 2000, APMIS. Supplementum.

[21]  W. Dreyer,et al.  Cardiolipin-protein complexes and initiation of complement activation after coronary artery occlusion. , 1994, Circulation research.

[22]  Pier Paolo Pandolfi,et al.  Homozygous C1q deficiency causes glomerulonephritis associated with multiple apoptotic bodies , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[23]  R. Voll,et al.  Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material by monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. , 1998, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[24]  R. O'rourke,et al.  Consumption of classical complement components by heart subcellular membranes in vitro and in patients after acute myocardial infarction. , 1975, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[25]  Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin,et al.  Nuclear pore complexes in the organization of silent telomeric chromatin , 2000, Nature.

[26]  P. Srivastava,et al.  CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin. , 2001, Immunity.

[27]  P. Matzinger,et al.  An innate sense of danger. , 1998, Seminars in immunology.

[28]  P. Matzinger,et al.  Danger signals: SOS to the immune system. , 2001, Current opinion in immunology.

[29]  V. Fadok,et al.  Regulation of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity during Apoptosis and Cell Activation by Protein Kinase Cδ* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[30]  C. Bascom-Slack,et al.  The Yeast Motor Protein, Kar3p, Is Essential for Meiosis I , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[31]  M. Moses.  Chromosomal Structures in Crayfish Spermatocytes , 1956, The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology.

[32]  V. Fadok,et al.  Loss of Phospholipid Asymmetry and Surface Exposure of Phosphatidylserine Is Required for Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages and Fibroblasts* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[33]  Gustav Platner.  Ueber die Entstehung des Nebenkerns und Seine Beziehung zur Kerntheilung , 1885 .

[34]  Harry Scherthan,et al.  Meiotic Telomere Protein Ndj1p Is Required for Meiosis-Specific Telomere Distribution, Bouquet Formation and Efficient Homologue Pairing , 2000, The Journal of cell biology.

[35]  H. Scherthan,et al.  Meiotic Telomere Distribution and Sertoli Cell Nuclear Architecture Are Altered in Atm- andAtm-p53-Deficient Mice , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[36]  E. Gomès,et al.  Chilling Tolerance in Arabidopsis Involves ALA1, a Member of a New Family of Putative Aminophospholipid Translocases , 2000, Plant Cell.

[37]  G. Roeder,et al.  Tam1, a telomere-associated meiotic protein, functions in chromosome synapsis and crossover interference. , 1997, Genes & development.

[38]  G. Roeder,et al.  Telomere-mediated chromosome pairing during meiosis in budding yeast. , 1998, Genes & development.

[39]  Harry Scherthan,et al.  Atm Inactivation Results in Aberrant Telomere Clustering during Meiotic Prophase , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[40]  P. Williamson,et al.  Exposure of phosphatidylserine is a general feature in the phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages , 1999, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[41]  P. Sims,et al.  Molecular Cloning of Human Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Scramblase , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[42]  P. Williamson,et al.  Regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure and phagocytosis of apoptotic T lymphocytes , 1999, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[43]  J. L. Santos,et al.  Meiosis in haploid rye: extensive synapsis and low chiasma frequency , 1994, Heredity.

[44]  Hank W. Bass,et al.  Telomeres Cluster De Novo before the Initiation of Synapsis: A Three-dimensional Spatial Analysis of Telomere Positions before and during Meiotic Prophase , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[45]  Zheng Zhou,et al.  CED-1 Is a Transmembrane Receptor that Mediates Cell Corpse Engulfment in C. elegans , 2001, Cell.

[46]  C. Driscoll,et al.  Chromosome Pairing: Effect of Colchicine on an Isochromosome , 1970, Science.

[47]  W. Zhang,et al.  Evidence that the two C1q binding membrane proteins, gC1q-R and cC1q-R, associate to form a complex. , 1997, Journal of immunology.

[48]  T. Hiraoka,et al.  An Electronmicroscopic and Morphometric Analysis on the Cell Polarity in the Synaptic Stage of Meiosis , 1993 .

[49]  John Savill,et al.  Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death , 2000, Nature.

[50]  D. Gibson,et al.  Binding and phagocytosis of apoptotic vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated in part by exposure of phosphatidylserine. , 1995, Circulation research.

[51]  R. Voll,et al.  Immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells , 1997, Nature.

[52]  S. Pizzo,et al.  Ligation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein with antibodies elevates intracellular calcium and inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate in macrophages. , 1999, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[53]  Stephen J. Smith,et al.  Ruffles induced by Salmonella and other stimuli direct macropinocytosis of bacteria , 1993, Nature.

[54]  Loise M. Francisco,et al.  Immature Dendritic Cells Phagocytose Apoptotic Cells via αvβ5 and CD36, and Cross-present Antigens to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[55]  B. Finlay,et al.  Bacterial invasion: Force feeding by Salmonella , 1999, Current Biology.

[56]  M. Conrad,et al.  Ndj1p, a meiotic telomere protein required for normal chromosome synapsis and segregation in yeast. , 1997, Science.

[57]  A. Tenner.  Membrane receptors for soluble defense collagens. , 1999, Current opinion in immunology.

[58]  V. Fadok,et al.  Differential Effects of Apoptotic Versus Lysed Cells on Macrophage Production of Cytokines: Role of Proteases1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[59]  J. B. Farmer,et al.  Memoirs: On the Maiotic Phase (Reduction Divisions) in Animals and Plants , 1905 .

[60]  Yasushi Hiraoka,et al.  Meiotic nuclear reorganization: switching the position of centromeres and telomeres in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[61]  S. Gordon,et al.  Recognizing death: the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. , 1998, Trends in cell biology.

[62]  G. R. Stuart,et al.  Interaction of C1q and the collectins with the potential receptors calreticulin (cC1qR/collectin receptor) and megalin. , 1998, Immunobiology.

[63]  Paul Nurse,et al.  Fission yeast Taz1 protein is required for meiotic telomere clustering and recombination , 1998, Nature.

[64]  Stefania Gallucci,et al.  Natural adjuvants: Endogenous activators of dendritic cells , 1999, Nature Medicine.

[65]  O. Niwa,et al.  A novel fission yeast gene, kms1 +, is required for the formation of meiotic prophase-specific nuclear architecture , 1997, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[66]  J. Piette,et al.  Calreticulin, a Potential Cell Surface Receptor Involved in Cell Penetration of Anti-DNA Antibodies1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[67]  R. Binder,et al.  Adjuvanticity of α2-Macroglobulin, an Independent Ligand for the Heat Shock Protein Receptor CD911 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[68]  P. Sims,et al.  Identification of three new members of the phospholipid scramblase gene family. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[69]  S. Moestrup.  The alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor and epithelial glycoprotein-330: two giant receptors mediating endocytosis of multiple ligands. , 1994, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[70]  G. R. Stuart,et al.  The C1q and collectin binding site within C1q receptor (cell surface calreticulin). , 1997, Immunopharmacology.

[71]  V. Fadok,et al.  Phagocyte receptors for apoptotic cells: recognition, uptake, and consequences. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[72]  P. Taylor,et al.  A Hierarchical Role for Classical Pathway Complement Proteins in the Clearance of Apoptotic Cells in Vivo , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[73]  R. Birge,et al.  alphavbeta5 integrin recruits the CrkII-Dock180-rac1 complex for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. , 2000, Nature cell biology.

[74]  Nina Bhardwaj,et al.  Consequences of cell death: exposure to necrotic tumor cells , 2000 .

[75]  F. Klein,et al.  Localization of RAP1 and topoisomerase II in nuclei and meiotic chromosomes of yeast , 1992, The Journal of cell biology.

[76]  E. Blackburn,et al.  Telomeres and their control. , 2000, Annual review of genetics.

[77]  A. Matsuura,et al.  Circular chromosome formation in a fission yeast mutant defective in two ATM homologues , 1998, Nature Genetics.

[78]  T. Lange,et al.  Identification of Human Rap1 Implications for Telomere Evolution , 2000, Cell.

[79]  M. Kastan,et al.  The many substrates and functions of ATM , 2000, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[80]  P. Shaw,et al.  Homologous chromosome pairing in wheat. , 1999, Journal of cell science.

[81]  E. Gilson,et al.  Nuclear envelope associated protein that binds telomeric DNAs , 2000, Molecular reproduction and development.

[82]  C. Slaughter,et al.  Identification and Functional Expression of Four Isoforms of ATPase II, the Putative Aminophospholipid Translocase , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[83]  H. Scherthan,et al.  Mammalian meiotic telomeres: protein composition and redistribution in relation to nuclear pores. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[84]  P. Williamson,et al.  Mechanisms for recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages. , 1996, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[85]  P. Holm,et al.  Chromosome pairing in autotetraploid Bombyx females. Mechanism for exclusive bivalent formation , 1979 .

[86]  R. Fine,et al.  Calreticulin is transported to the surface of NG108‐15 cells where it forms surface patches and is partially degraded in an acidic compartment , 1999, Journal of neuroscience research.

[87]  M. Hayman,et al.  Involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in the invasion of cultured mammalian cells by Salmonella typhimurium , 1992, Nature.

[88]  J. Galán,et al.  Requirement of CDC42 for Salmonella-Induced Cytoskeletal and Nuclear Responses , 1996, Science.

[89]  R. Benavente,et al.  Meiotic lamin C2: the unique amino-terminal hexapeptide GNAEGR is essential for nuclear envelope association. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[90]  R. Crystal,et al.  Protease-antiprotease imbalance in the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis. , 1994, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[91]  C. Heyting,et al.  Centromere and telomere movements during early meiotic prophase of mouse and man are associated with the onset of chromosome pairing , 1996, The Journal of cell biology.

[92]  P. Srivastava,et al.  CD91: a receptor for heat shock protein gp96 , 2000, Nature Immunology.