DEVELOPMENT AND REVIEW OF THE IHRA (JARI) AND TNO PEDESTRIAN MODELS

This report details a project to review and develop the JARI (Japan Automobile Research Institute) pedestrian model as chosen by the IHRA (International Harmonised Research Activities) to develop their pedestrian head Impact test procedure. In the work several modifications were made to the model, including the removal of duplicated contacts defined between the model's arms and legs, modifications to allow axial stretching in the spine, and the implementation of shoulder joints. To test the biofidelity of the simulated shoulder joints predictions from the original and modified versions of the JARI model, in addition to those from a pedestrian model developed by TNO, were compared against the results from shoulder impact studies completed on PMHS's (post mortem human subjects), It was found that all the models demonstrated very poor shoulder biofidelity. Furthermore for the same simulated vehicle-pedestrian impacts, differences in the predicted head impact velocities and head impact angles from all the pedestrian models were as high as 3.9 m.s-1 and 17.1 degrees respectively. (A)