: The faunas of habitat islands, such as those produced by fragmentation of formerly continuous habitats, are commonly made up of nonrandom subsets of the total available species pool. Faunas within an archipelago may form a nested series, with depauperate faunas made up of subsets of more species-rich faunas. The pattern is seldom perfect: widespread species may be absent from otherwise rich faunas (holes), and uncommon species may occur in depauperate faunas (outliers). The “nestedness” of an assemblage of faunas (its fit to the “nested subset model”; Patterson & Atmar 1986) can be measured by summing the holes and outliers.
The distributions of boreal mammals and birds among mountain ranges in the Great Basin of western North America were analyzed by this method Despite differences in their derivation (mammalian faunas are thought to be relicts, isolated since the Pleistocene; bird faunas have probably experienced recurrent colonization throughout their history] both groups show an approximately equal (and highly significant) fit to the nested subset model. They differ, however, in the relative numbers of holes and outliers in their patterns. The mammalian pattern is hole-rich; the bird pattern is outlier-rich.
The present-day composition of the mammalian faunas is the result of selective extinction of species of originally richer faunas. The existence of nested subsets in these faunas suggests that extinction is a highly deterministic process: extinctions occurred in approximately the same sequence throughout the region, despite wide variation in extinction rates Extinction sequence has, in fact, been less variable than extinction rates.
Resumen: Las faunas de islas de habitat, como las que se producen por la fragmentacion de habitats que anteriormente eran continuos, comunmente estan compuestas de subjuegos no formados al mar apartir del conjunto total de especies disponibles. Las faunas dentro de un archwielago pueden formar una serie subconjunctos, con faunas empobrecidas formadas a partir de subconjuntos de faunas mas ricas en especies El esquema casi nunca es perfecto: las especies ampliamente diseminadas podrian estar ausentes de faunas ricas (vacio), y podrian ocurrir especies poco communes en faunas empobrecidas (excepciones). La “seriacion” de un conjunto de faunas, (Patterson y Atmar; 1986) puede mediae a traves de la suma de vacios y excepciones.
La distribucion de mamiferos y aves boreales en la sierra del Great Basin de Norteamerica fue analizada con este metodo. Tienen diferente origen, ya que se piensa que las faunas de mamiferos son residuos aislados desde la era del pleistoceno y que las faunas de aves probablemente han experimentado una colonizacion recurrente a lo largo de toda su historia. Sin embargo, ambos grupos muestran un encaje semejante y altamente significativo al modelo de subconjuntos en serie. No obstante, difieren en el numero relative de vacios y excepciones. El esquema de los mamiferos es rico en vacios; el esquema de las aves es rico en excepciones.
La composicion actual de las faunas de mamiferos es el resultado de la extincion selectiva de especies dentro de faunas que originalmente fueron mas ricas. La existencia de subconjuntos en serie en estas faunas sugiere que la extincion es un proceso altamente determinista Las extinciones ocuwieron en una secuencia aproximadamente igual a traves de toda la region, a pesar de amplias variaciones en las tasas de extinclh De hecho, la secuencia de extincion ha variado menos que las tasas de extincion.
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