Floods and landslides are the most frequent natural disaster that occur throughout the world and resulting from the declining quality of the environment as known as environmental degradation. They are a serious threat to development and occur very often in Jabodetabek region, the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. As the second biggest megacity in Asian, Jabodetabek is characterized by rapid urban development and expansion. However, unsustainable patterns of rapid urban development are enhancing vulnerability to environmental degradation. The rapid urban development and increase in the number of floods and landslides since the beginning of the 1990s are very important issues in terms of sustainable management of the urban environment. We have investigated the spatial distribution patterns of floods and landslides for the years 1996, 2000, 2003, 2008, and 2011. The results show significant changes in the spatial association of floods and landslides in some areas, detected by the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics, and especially the Local Moran Index. Floods have the greatest impact on the urban environment, especially in Jakarta City and surrounding areas, particularly Tangerang, Bogor, and Bekasi. In addition, we found that Bogor has the highest vulnerability to landslides in the Jabodetabek region. Policy makers should pay attention to these areas to ensure sustainability of the urban environment in the future. This could play an important role in the successful application of environmental management in the Jabodetabek metropolitan area.