Effects of an invasive bivalve (Dreissena polymorpha) on fish in the Hudson River estuary

Despite predictions that the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion of North America would damage fisheries, analyses of actual effects on fish have been few and equivocal. We analyze 26 years of data on fish popula- tions in the Hudson River to quantify changes associated with the zebra mussel invasion. Based on our measurements of changes in the lower food web, we predicted that populations of open-water fish species (e.g., Alosa spp.) would suffer and populations of littoral fish species (e.g., Centrarchidae) would prosper from the zebra mussel invasion. We found that the median decrease in abundance of open-water species was 28%, whereas the median increase in abun- dance of littoral species was 97%. Populations of open-water species shifted downriver away from the zebra mussel population, whereas those of littoral species shifted upriver. Median apparent growth rates fell by 17% among open- water species and rose by 12% in the single littoral species studied. Many of the observed changes were large and in- volved species of commercial or recreational importance (e.g., American shad (Alosa sapidissima), black basses (Micropterus spp.)). The influence of zebra mussels on fish should vary widely across ecosystems as a function of system morphology, factors that limit primary production, and diets of the fish species. Resume : Malgre les predictions voulant que l'invasion des moules zebrees (Dreissena polymorpha) en Amerique du Nord soit nefaste pour les peches, les analyses d'effets reels sont rares et equivoques. Nos analysons 26 annees de don- nees sur les populations de poissons du fleuve Hudson pour quantifier les changements associes a l'invasion des mou- les zebrees. D'apres notre evaluation des modifications de la partie inferieure du reseau alimentaire, nous avions predit que les populations de poissons d'eau libre (e.g., Alosa spp.) seraient defavorisees et que les populations littorales (e.g., les Centrarchidae) seraient avantagees par l'invasion des moules zebrees. Le declin median de l'abondance des especes d'eau libre est de 28 %, alors que l'accroissement median de l'abondance des especes littorales est de 97 %. Les populations d'especes d'eau libre se sont deplacees vers l'aval loin de la population de moules zebrees, alors que celles des especes littorales ont remonte vers l'amont. Les taux medians apparents de croissance ont chute de 17 % chez les especes d'eau libre et augmente de 12 % chez la seule espece littorale etudiee. Plusieurs des changements ob- serves sont considerables et impliquent des especes d'importance commerciale ou sportive (e.g., l'alose savoureuse (Alosa sapidissima), les achigans (Micropterus spp.)). Les effets des moules zebrees sur les poissons devraient varier beaucoup dans les ecosystemes en fonction de la morphologie des systemes, des facteurs limitants de la production pri- maire et du regime alimentaire des especes de poissons.

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