Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Consensus Recommendations From the Turkish League Against Rheumatism

1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Ankara University, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 3Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara University, Haymana Vocational School, Ankara, Turkey; 4Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey; 5Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; 6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 7Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey; 8Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey; 9Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Akdeniz University, Division of Rheumatology, Antalya, Turkey; 10Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Celal Bayar University, Division of Rheumatology, Manisa, Turkey; 11Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Gazi University, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey; 12Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; 13Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Van Training and Research Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Van, Turkey; 14Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Cumhuriyet University, Division of Rheumatology, Sivas, Turkey; 15Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; 16Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 17Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey; 18Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; 19Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, Division of Rheumatology, Kayseri, Turkey;

[1]  Richard W. Martin,et al.  An experimental evaluation of patient decision aid design to communicate the effects of medications on the rate of progression of structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. , 2012, Patient education and counseling.

[2]  S. Bae,et al.  The efficacy and safety of rituximab for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials , 2011, Rheumatology International.

[3]  Linda C. Li,et al.  Quality appraisal of clinical practice guidelines on the use of physiotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. , 2011, Rheumatology.

[4]  D. M. van der Heijde,et al.  Treatment strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for whom methotrexate monotherapy has failed: data from the NOR-DMARD register , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[5]  A. Wailoo,et al.  Cost-Effectiveness of Combination Nonbiologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Strategies in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2011, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[6]  R. Scrivo,et al.  Switching between TNFα antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis: personal experience and review of the literature , 2011 .

[7]  Y. Konttinen,et al.  Outcomes of switching anti-TNF drugs in rheumatoid arthritis—a study based on observational data from the Finnish Register of Biological Treatment (ROB-FIN) , 2011, Clinical Rheumatology.

[8]  G. Littlejohn,et al.  Disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug usage, prescribing patterns and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients in community‐based practice , 2011, Internal medicine journal.

[9]  B. Michel,et al.  Biologics in rheumatoid arthritis--recommendations for Swiss practice. , 2011, Swiss medical weekly.

[10]  H. Burkhardt,et al.  Update 2011: leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis – strengths and weaknesses , 2011, Current opinion in rheumatology.

[11]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Discontinuation of infliximab and potential predictors of persistent low disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity score-steered therapy: subanalysis of the BeSt study , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[12]  E. Nasonov,et al.  Access to biologic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries , 2011, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[13]  J. Pope,et al.  Treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis: concepts in management. , 2011, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[14]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  The impact of four dynamic, goal-steered treatment strategies on the 5-year outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the BeSt study , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[15]  D. M. van der Heijde,et al.  Updated consensus statement on the use of rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[16]  A. Sudo,et al.  Do biologics-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis respond better to tocilizumab than patients for whom anti-TNF agents have failed? A retrospective study. , 2011, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[17]  M. Weisman,et al.  Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2010 , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[18]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. , 2011, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[19]  K. Krüger,et al.  Kombinationsbehandlung von Methotrexat mit DMARDs oder Biologika – Aktueller Stand , 2011, Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie.

[20]  S. Beg,et al.  Tocilizumab for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cochrane Systematic Review , 2011, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[21]  A. Saraux,et al.  Indications of glucocorticoids in early arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: recommendations for clinical practice based on data from the literature and expert opinion. , 2010, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[22]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Discontinuing treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in sustained clinical remission: exploratory analyses from the BeSt study , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[23]  C. Mok,et al.  Management of rheumatoid arthritis: consensus recommendations from the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology , 2010, Clinical Rheumatology.

[24]  A. Saraux,et al.  Use of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis - pratical modalities of glucocorticoid therapy: recommendations for clinical practice based on data from the literature and expert opinion. , 2010, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[25]  A. Rubbert,et al.  Drug combinations with methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis. , 2010, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[26]  P. Hannonen,et al.  Early combination disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy and tight disease control improve long-term radiologic outcome in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: the 11-year results of the Finnish Rheumatoid Arthritis Combination Therapy trial , 2010, Arthritis research & therapy.

[27]  Y. Iwamoto,et al.  Clinical evaluation of tocilizumab for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-TNF biologics: tocilizumab in combination with methotrexate , 2010, Modern rheumatology.

[28]  M. Iversen,et al.  Self-management of rheumatic diseases: state of the art and future perspectives , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[29]  Laure Gossec,et al.  Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[30]  R. Landewé,et al.  Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with glucocorticoids: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[31]  R. Landewé,et al.  Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of RA , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[32]  R. Knevel,et al.  Current evidence for a strategic approach to the management of rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis , 2010 .

[33]  John Wong,et al.  EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[34]  E. Keystone,et al.  Efficacy of initial methotrexate monotherapy versus combination therapy with a biological agent in early rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of clinical and radiographic remission , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[35]  Claire Bombardier,et al.  Methotrexate monotherapy versus methotrexate combination therapy with non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. , 2010, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[36]  J. Jacobs,et al.  Low‐dose glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an obligatory therapy , 2010, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[37]  Maurizio Cutolo,et al.  Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[38]  S. Yamasaki,et al.  Switching to the anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients refractory to antitumor necrosis factor biologics , 2010, Modern rheumatology.

[39]  M. Schiff,et al.  Evaluation of abatacept in biologic-naïve patients with active rheumatoid arthritis , 2010, Clinical Rheumatology.

[40]  Emmanuel Coudeyre,et al.  Non-drug treatment (excluding surgery) in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical practice guidelines. , 2009, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[41]  J. Schoones,et al.  Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2009, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[42]  Nathan Vastesaeger,et al.  A pilot risk model for the prediction of rapid radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. , 2009, Rheumatology.

[43]  S. le Cessie,et al.  Effectiveness of two finger splints for swan neck deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, crossover trial. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[44]  D. M. van der Heijde,et al.  Prevalence of and predictive factors for sustained disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis: results from two large early arthritis cohorts. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[45]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Anti-infliximab and anti-adalimumab antibodies in relation to response to adalimumab in infliximab switchers and anti-tumour necrosis factor naive patients: a cohort study , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[46]  K. Patra,et al.  Less Radiographic Progression with Adalimumab Plus Methotrexate Versus Methotrexate Monotherapy Across the Spectrum of Clinical Response in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2009, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[47]  P. Emery,et al.  Disease remission state in patients treated with the combination of tumor necrosis factor blockade and methotrexate or with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A clinical and imaging comparative study. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[48]  P. Hannonen,et al.  The good initial response to therapy with a combination of traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is sustained over time: the eleven-year results of the Finnish rheumatoid arthritis combination therapy trial. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[49]  M. Dougados,et al.  Follow-up standards and treatment targets in rheumatoid arthritis: results of a questionnaire at the EULAR 2008 , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[50]  F. Guillemin,et al.  Choice of second-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs after failure of methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a decision tree for clinical practice based on rheumatologists' preferences. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[51]  G. Habib.  Systemic effects of intra-articular corticosteroids , 2009, Clinical Rheumatology.

[52]  A. Richards,et al.  Withdrawal of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[53]  T. V. Vliet Vlieland,et al.  Non-drug therapies in early rheumatoid arthritis. , 2009, Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology.

[54]  P. Hannonen,et al.  Rheumatoid Atlantoaxial Subluxation Can Be Prevented by Intensive Use of Traditional Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs , 2009, The Journal of Rheumatology.

[55]  J. Smolen,et al.  Developments in the clinical understanding of rheumatoid arthritis , 2009, Arthritis research & therapy.

[56]  H. Genant,et al.  Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors , 2009, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[57]  E. Taal,et al.  Efficacy of wrist working splints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study. , 2008, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[58]  J. Jacobs,et al.  Adverse events of low- to medium-dose oral glucocorticoids in inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis , 2008, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[59]  D. M. van der Heijde,et al.  Long-term safety of methotrexate monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature research , 2008, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[60]  C. Bombardier,et al.  Efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy versus MTX combination therapy with non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2008, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[61]  A. Jones,et al.  Effectiveness of a night-time hand positioning splint in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. , 2008, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[62]  C. Cooper,et al.  The clinical effectiveness of static resting splints in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. , 2008, Rheumatology.

[63]  R. Scrivo,et al.  Induction of remission in rheumatoid arthritis: criteria and opportunities , 2008, Rheumatology International.

[64]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Are biologics more effective than classical disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs? , 2008, Arthritis research & therapy.

[65]  A. Silman,et al.  European biologicals registers: methodology, selected results and perspectives , 2008, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[66]  Joshua Burns,et al.  Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain. , 2008, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[67]  Jeffrey R Curtis,et al.  American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. , 2008, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[68]  R. Luqmani,et al.  Developing multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of early rheumatoid arthritis. , 2008, Musculoskeletal care.

[69]  Alison Hammond,et al.  Rehabilitation in musculoskeletal diseases. , 2008, Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology.

[70]  A. McMahon,et al.  Triple therapy in early active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial comparing step-up and parallel treatment strategies. , 2008, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[71]  K. Lohr,et al.  Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Disease-Modifying Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2008, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[72]  P. Geborek,et al.  Treatment response to a second or third TNF-inhibitor in RA: results from the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group Register. , 2007, Rheumatology.

[73]  G. Jamtvedt,et al.  Effectiveness of Nonpharmacological and Nonsurgical Interventions for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview of Systematic Reviews , 2007, Physical Therapy.

[74]  V. Farewell,et al.  Factorial randomised controlled trial of glucocorticoids and combination disease modifying drugs in early rheumatoid arthritis , 2007, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[75]  T. V. Vlieland.  Non-drug care for RA—is the era of evidence-based practice approaching? , 2007 .

[76]  A. Hingorani,et al.  British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. , 2007, Rheumatology.

[77]  D. M. van der Heijde,et al.  High anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels and an algorithm of four variables predict radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a 10-year longitudinal study , 2007, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[78]  J. Jacobs,et al.  Intensive treatment with methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis: aiming for remission. Computer Assisted Management in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CAMERA, an open-label strategy trial) , 2007, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[79]  S. Kawai,et al.  Cyclosporine and tacrolimus for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis , 2007, Current opinion in rheumatology.

[80]  S. Masiero,et al.  Effects of an educational–behavioral joint protection program on people with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial , 2007, Clinical Rheumatology.

[81]  M. Østergaard,et al.  Do rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical practice benefit from switching from infliximab to a second tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor? , 2007, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[82]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Limited efficacy of conventional DMARDs after initial methotrexate failure in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis treated according to the disease activity score , 2007, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[83]  M. Boers,et al.  Effects of glucocorticoids on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis. , 2007, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[84]  F. Breedveld,et al.  Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2011 , 2006, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[85]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Aiming at low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with initial combination therapy or initial monotherapy strategies: the BeSt study. , 2006, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[86]  P Barton,et al.  A systematic review of the effectiveness of adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults and an economic evaluation of their cost-effectiveness. , 2006, Health technology assessment.

[87]  Zoe Stableford,et al.  British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (after the first 2 years). , 2006, Rheumatology.

[88]  M. Dougados,et al.  Nonpharmacological treatments in early rheumatoid arthritis: clinical practice guidelines based on published evidence and expert opinion. , 2006, Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.

[89]  M. Østergaard,et al.  Combination treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and intraarticular betamethasone compared with methotrexate and intraarticular betamethasone in early active rheumatoid arthritis: an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. , 2006, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[90]  M. Wallen,et al.  Intra-articular steroids and splints/rest for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adults with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[91]  B Combe,et al.  EULAR recommendations for the management of early arthritis: report of a task force of the European Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT) , 2006, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[92]  R. Rau,et al.  Very low-dose prednisolone in early rheumatoid arthritis retards radiographic progression over two years: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. , 2005, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[93]  B. Dijkmans,et al.  Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): a randomized, controlled trial. , 2005, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[94]  A. Zwinderman,et al.  Effect of a high-intensity weight-bearing exercise program on radiologic damage progression of the large joints in subgroups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2005, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[95]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Physical function and health related quality of life: analysis of 2-year data from randomized, controlled studies of leflunomide, sulfasalazine, or methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. , 2005, The Journal of rheumatology.

[96]  P. Anderson.  Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: clinical implications of their different immunogenicity profiles. , 2005, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[97]  R. Moots,et al.  Anti-TNF-α therapies: they are all the same (aren't they?) , 2005 .

[98]  J. Rasker,et al.  Silver ring splints improve dexterity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2004, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[99]  D. M. van der Heijde,et al.  Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. , 2004, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[100]  Martha L. Hall,et al.  Ottawa Panel Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Electrotherapy and Thermotherapy Interventions in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults. , 2004, Physical therapy.

[101]  A. McMahon,et al.  Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial , 2004, The Lancet.

[102]  M. Edwards.  Evidence , 2004, The Lancet.

[103]  L. Klareskog,et al.  Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial , 2004, The Lancet.

[104]  P. Hannonen,et al.  A home-based two-year strength training period in early rheumatoid arthritis led to good long-term compliance: a five-year followup. , 2004, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[105]  A. Silman,et al.  British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register , 2003, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[106]  A. Zwinderman,et al.  Is a long-term high-intensity exercise program effective and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[107]  C. Stenström,et al.  Evidence for the benefit of aerobic and strengthening exercise in rheumatoid arthritis. , 2003, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[108]  M. Dougados,et al.  Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis , 2003, Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.

[109]  E. Taal,et al.  Patient education for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. , 2003, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[110]  R. Laan,et al.  Cyclosporin A monotherapy versus cyclosporin A and methotrexate combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind randomised placebo controlled trial , 2003, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[111]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Splints/orthoses in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. , 2003, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[112]  J. Smolen,et al.  The rheumatoid arthritis patient in the clinic: comparing more than 1,300 consecutive DMARD courses. , 2002, Rheumatology.

[113]  G. Newsome.  Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 update. , 2002, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

[114]  J. Stoner,et al.  Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, or a combination of the three medications: results of a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. , 2002, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[115]  J. Ilonen,et al.  Delay to institution of therapy and induction of remission using single-drug or combination-disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. , 2002, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[116]  R. Yood,et al.  Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 Update. , 2002, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[117]  Rene Westhovens,et al.  COBRA combination therapy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: long-term structural benefits of a brief intervention. , 2002, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[118]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Splints and Orthosis for treating rheumatoid arthritis , 2001 .

[119]  A. Hammond,et al.  The long-term outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of an educational–behavioural joint protection programme for people with rheumatoid arthritis , 2001, Clinical rehabilitation.

[120]  Kremer Jm.  Combination DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. , 2001 .

[121]  S. Edworthy.  How important is patient self-management? , 2000, Bailliere's best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology.

[122]  Richard W. Martin,et al.  A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[123]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Azathioprine for treating rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[124]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[125]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[126]  V. Strand,et al.  Treatment with leflunomide slows radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis: results from three randomized controlled trials of leflunomide in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group. , 2000, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[127]  S. Pay,et al.  Combination therapy versus monotherapy for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. , 1999, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[128]  M. Boers,et al.  Combination DMARD therapy including corticosteroids in early rheumatoid arthritis. , 1999, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[129]  A. Giobbie-Hurder,et al.  Sulfasalazine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a metaanalysis of 15 randomized trials. , 1999, The Journal of rheumatology.

[130]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Function and health-related quality of life: results from a randomized controlled trial of leflunomide versus methotrexate or placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group. , 1999, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[131]  P. Hannonen,et al.  Comparison of combination therapy with single-drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised trial , 1999, The Lancet.

[132]  M. Dougados,et al.  Combination therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, controlled, double blind 52 week clinical trial of sulphasalazine and methotrexate compared with the single components , 1999, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[133]  D. Furst,et al.  Etanercept Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[134]  J. Kremer,et al.  A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[135]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Long term effectiveness of antimalarial drugs in rheumatic diseases , 1998, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[136]  F. Breedveld,et al.  Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. , 1998, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[137]  R. Rau,et al.  Longterm combination therapy of refractory and destructive rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate (MTX) and intramuscular gold or other disease modifying antirheumatic drugs compared to MTX monotherapy. , 1998, The Journal of rheumatology.

[138]  M. Baron,et al.  The effect of a static wrist orthosis on hand function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. , 1998, The Journal of rheumatology.

[139]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Sulfasalazine for treating rheumatoid arthritis , 1998 .

[140]  L. V. D. van de Putte,et al.  Combination of sulphasalazine and methotrexate versus the single components in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, 52 week clinical trial. , 1997, British journal of rheumatology.

[141]  S. van der Linden,et al.  Randomised comparison of combined step-down prednisolone, methotrexate and sulphasalazine with sulphasalazine alone in early rheumatoid arthritis , 1997, The Lancet.

[142]  E. Bartoli,et al.  Combination DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Full or low DMARD doses? , 1997, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[143]  A. van der Heide,et al.  The Effectiveness of Early Treatment with Second-Line Antirheumatic Drugs , 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[144]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Combination therapy with cyclosporine and methotrexate in severe rheumatoid arthritis. The Methotrexate-Cyclosporine Combination Study Group. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[145]  D. Faulds,et al.  Sulfasalazine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. , 1995, Drugs.

[146]  O. Førre.  Radiologic evidence of disease modification in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with cyclosporine. Results of a 48-week multicenter study comparing low-dose cyclosporine with placebo. Norwegian Arthritis Study Group. , 1994, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[147]  A. Stirling,et al.  Pain relief in the rheumatoid knee after steroid injection. A single-blind comparison of hydrocortisone succinate, and triamcinolone acetonide or hexacetonide. , 1994, British journal of rheumatology.

[148]  P. Hannonen,et al.  Sulfasalazine in early rheumatoid arthritis. A 48-week double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study. , 1993, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[149]  M. V. van Leeuwen,et al.  The acute-phase response in relation to radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study during the first three years of the disease. , 1993, British journal of rheumatology.

[150]  D. Yocum.  Immunological actions of cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis. , 1993, British journal of rheumatology.

[151]  A. Cats,et al.  Cyclosporine in rheumatoid arthritis. , 1992, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[152]  M. Westedt,et al.  Prednisone plus azathioprine treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by vasculitis. , 1991, Archives of internal medicine.

[153]  J. Rasker,et al.  Methotrexate versus azathioprine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A forty-eight-week randomized, double-blind trial. , 1991, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[154]  M. Weisman,et al.  A controlled trial comparing sulfasalazine, gold sodium thiomalate, and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. , 1988, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[155]  Murray Turoff,et al.  The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications , 1976 .

[156]  R L Kassel,et al.  An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[157]  A. Deodhar,et al.  Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2012, Drugs.

[158]  K. Krüger.  [Combination therapy using methotrexate with DMARDs or biologics--current status]. , 2011, Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie.

[159]  M. Iversen.  Arthritis patient education and team approaches to management , 2011 .

[160]  P. Emery,et al.  Persistently moderate DAS-28 is not benign: loss of function occurs in early RA despite step-up DMARD therapy. , 2010, Rheumatology.

[161]  G. Kingsley,et al.  A systematic comparison of combination DMARD therapy and tumour necrosis inhibitor therapy with methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. , 2010, Rheumatology.

[162]  R. Scrivo,et al.  Switching between TNFalpha antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis: personal experience and review of the literature. , 2009, Reumatismo.

[163]  A. Díaz-Borjón.  Guidelines for the Use of Conventional and Newer Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis , 2009, Drugs & aging.

[164]  X. Mariette,et al.  Compendium on Rheumatic Diseases , 2009 .

[165]  R. Westhovens,et al.  Daily practice effectiveness of a step-down treatment in comparison with a tight step-up for early rheumatoid arthritis. , 2008, Rheumatology.

[166]  A. Deodhar,et al.  Rheumatoid arthritis: strategies in the management of patients showing an inadequate response to TNFalpha antagonists. , 2008, Drugs.

[167]  A. Silman,et al.  Outcomes after switching from one anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent to a second anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large UK national cohort study. , 2007, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[168]  Ali Al-Ameri,et al.  National institute for Health and Clinical excellence guidance , 2007 .

[169]  T. V. Vliet Vlieland.  Non-drug care for RA--is the era of evidence-based practice approaching? , 2007, Rheumatology.

[170]  N. Goodson,et al.  British Society for Rheumatology and british health professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (the first two years). , 2006, Rheumatology.

[171]  F. Breedveld,et al.  The PREMIER study: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. , 2006, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[172]  R. Moots,et al.  Anti-TNF-alpha therapies: they are all the same (aren't they?). , 2005, Rheumatology.

[173]  M. Weisman,et al.  Adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients taking concomitant methotrexate: the ARMADA trial. , 2003, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[174]  P. Sarzi-Puttini,et al.  An open, randomized comparison study of cyclosporine A, cyclosporine A + methotrexate and cyclosporine A + hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of early severe rheumatoid arthritis , 2003, Rheumatology International.

[175]  G. Jones,et al.  The effect of treatment on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. , 2003, Rheumatology.

[176]  R. Rau,et al.  Slowing of disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients during long-term treatment with leflunomide or sulfasalazine. , 2001, Scandinavian journal of rheumatology.

[177]  J. Kremer.  Combination DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. , 2001, Managed care.

[178]  J. Hazes,et al.  Dynamic exercise therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[179]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Sulfasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[180]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[181]  D. Furst,et al.  Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial. , 1999, Annals of internal medicine.

[182]  B. McConkey,et al.  A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis , 1995 .

[183]  P. Brooks,et al.  Sulfasalazine in early rheumatoid arthritis , 1992 .

[184]  Sulfasalazine in early rheumatoid arthritis. The Australian Multicentre Clinical Trial Group. , 1992, The Journal of rheumatology.

[185]  H. Schumacher,et al.  Primer on Rheumatic Diseases , 1983 .

[186]  T. Behrend.  The balneotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis. , 1979, Rheumatology and rehabilitation.

[187]  H. Klinefelter.  Antimalarials in rheumatoid arthritis. , 1979, Hospital practice.