Cerebral glucose metabolism in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease

Assessment of regional cerebral glucose metabolism by 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET at resting state is a standard functional technique to assess cerebral function. Group studies identified significant regional metabolic impairment in asymptomatic individuals at increased risk for dementia. Substantial impairment of FDG uptake in temporoparietal association cortices emerges as a reliable predictor of rapid progression to dementia in mild cognitive impairment patients and could, therefore, serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. Frontal and temporoparietal metabolic impairment is closely related to progression of disease in longitudinal studies, and multicenter studies suggest its utility as an outcome parameter to increase the efficiency of therapeutic trials.

[1]  J. Haxby,et al.  Longitudinal study of cerebral metabolic asymmetries and associated neuropsychological patterns in early dementia of the Alzheimer type. , 1990, Archives of neurology.

[2]  Raymond Scott Turner,et al.  A comparison of classification methods for differentiating fronto‐temporal dementia from Alzheimer's disease using FDG‐PET imaging , 2004, Statistics in medicine.

[3]  W. Jagust,et al.  Longitudinal studies of regional cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease , 1988, Neurology.

[4]  P. Scheltens,et al.  Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS–ADRDA criteria , 2007, The Lancet Neurology.

[5]  C. DeCarli,et al.  What does fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging add to a clinical diagnosis of dementia? , 2007, Neurology.

[6]  Michael W. Weiner,et al.  Twelve-month metabolic declines in probable Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment assessed using an empirically pre-defined statistical region-of-interest: Findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative , 2010, NeuroImage.

[7]  Karl Herholz,et al.  On the multivariate nature of brain metabolic impairment in Alzheimer's disease , 2009, Neurobiology of Aging.

[8]  G. Alexander,et al.  Longitudinal PET Evaluation of Cerebral Metabolic Decline in Dementia: A Potential Outcome Measure in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Studies. , 2002, The American journal of psychiatry.

[9]  J C Mazziotta,et al.  Apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and cerebral glucose metabolism in relatives at risk for familial Alzheimer disease. , 1995, JAMA.

[10]  C. Jack,et al.  Comparison of 18F-FDG and PiB PET in Cognitive Impairment , 2009, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[11]  Rachel L. Mistur,et al.  FDG-PET changes in brain glucose metabolism from normal cognition to pathologically verified Alzheimer’s disease , 2009, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[12]  K. Ishii,et al.  One-year change in cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease. , 2004, The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[13]  James V. Haxby,et al.  Abnormalities of regional brain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease and their relation to functional impairment , 1986, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.

[14]  et al.,et al.  Categorical and correlational analyses of baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) , 2009, NeuroImage.

[15]  L. Mosconi,et al.  Differences in hippocampal metabolism between amnestic and non-amnestic MCI subjects: automated FDG-PET image analysis. , 2009, The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of....

[16]  S. Thibodeau,et al.  Preclinical evidence of Alzheimer's disease in persons homozygous for the epsilon 4 allele for apolipoprotein E. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  Koen Van Laere,et al.  EANM procedure guidelines for PET brain imaging using [18F]FDG, version 2 , 2009, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[18]  A. Convit,et al.  Reduced hippocampal metabolism in MCI and AD , 2005, Neurology.

[19]  W. Jagust,et al.  Performance of FDG PET for Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in Two Independent Multicentre Samples (NEST-DD and ADNI) , 2009, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[20]  James B. Brewer,et al.  Applications of Neuroimaging to Disease-Modification Trials in Alzheimer’s Disease , 2009, Behavioural neurology.

[21]  M. Bobinski,et al.  Prediction of cognitive decline in normal elderly subjects with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose/positron-emission tomography (FDG/PET) , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  K Wienhard,et al.  Estimation of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization by Positron Emission Tomography of [18F]2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: A Critical Appraisal of Optimization Procedures , 1985, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[23]  C. Grady,et al.  Neural-network classification of normal and Alzheimer's disease subjects using high-resolution and low-resolution PET cameras. , 1994, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[24]  J. Hodges,et al.  Limbic hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment , 2003, Annals of neurology.

[25]  J. Baron,et al.  Mild cognitive impairment , 2003, Neurology.

[26]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Positron Emission Tomography Partial Volume Correction: Estimation and Algorithms , 2002, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[27]  Nick C Fox,et al.  Amyloid, hypometabolism, and cognition in Alzheimer disease , 2007, Neurology.

[28]  F. Fazio,et al.  Impairment of Neocortical Metabolism Predicts Progression in Alzheimer’s Disease , 1999, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[29]  Alexander Hammers,et al.  SPM-based count normalization provides excellent discrimination of mild Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment from healthy aging , 2009, NeuroImage.

[30]  Bedda L. Rosario,et al.  Basal Cerebral Metabolism May Modulate the Cognitive Effects of Aβ in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Example of Brain Reserve , 2009, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[31]  H. Soininen,et al.  Differential Hypometabolism Patterns according to Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes , 2008, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[32]  Cindee M. Madison,et al.  Comparing predictors of conversion and decline in mild cognitive impairment , 2010, Neurology.

[33]  Alberto Pupi,et al.  18F-FDG PET Database of Longitudinally Confirmed Healthy Elderly Individuals Improves Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease , 2007, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[34]  A. Dale,et al.  Subregional neuroanatomical change as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[35]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Rapid Assessment of Regional Cerebral Metabolic Abnormalities in Single Subjects with Quantitative and Nonquantitative [18F]FDG PET: A Clinical Validation of Statistical Parametric Mapping , 1999, NeuroImage.

[36]  D. Perani,et al.  Education and occupation as proxies for reserve in aMCI converters and AD , 2008, Neurology.

[37]  M Petrou,et al.  Diagnostic features of Alzheimer's disease extracted from PET sinograms. , 2002, Physics in medicine and biology.

[38]  Mayo Clinic,et al.  PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN PERSONS HOMOZYGOUS FOR THE , 2000 .

[39]  G. Alexander,et al.  Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  Cindee M. Madison,et al.  Associations between cognitive, functional, and FDG-PET measures of decline in AD and MCI , 2011, Neurobiology of Aging.

[41]  Karl Herholz,et al.  PET studies in dementia , 2003, Annals of nuclear medicine.

[42]  D E Kuhl,et al.  Neuropsychological function and cerebral glucose utilization in isolated memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease. , 1999, Journal of psychiatric research.

[43]  G. Alexander,et al.  Positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia: Regional brain metabolism and long-term outcome. , 2001, JAMA.

[44]  E. Reiman,et al.  Multicenter Standardized 18F-FDG PET Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias , 2008, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[45]  Peter P. Zandi,et al.  Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 Count Affects Age at Onset of Alzheimer Disease,but Not Lifetime Susceptibility: The Cache County Study , 2004 .

[46]  et al.,et al.  Discrimination between Alzheimer Dementia and Controls by Automated Analysis of Multicenter FDG PET , 2002, NeuroImage.

[47]  O Almkvist,et al.  Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive functioning predict deterioration in mild cognitive impairment , 2001, Neuroreport.

[48]  Guido Rodriguez,et al.  Principal component analysis of FDG PET in amnestic MCI , 2008, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[49]  F Fazio,et al.  Comparability of FDG PET studies in probable Alzheimer's disease. , 1993, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[50]  J. Mazziotta,et al.  Cerebral metabolic and cognitive decline in persons at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[51]  A. Convit,et al.  Hippocampal formation glucose metabolism and volume losses in MCI and AD , 2001, Neurobiology of Aging.

[52]  A. Drzezga,et al.  Cerebral metabolic changes accompanying conversion of mild cognitive impairment into Alzheimer's disease: a PET follow-up study , 2003, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[53]  Wendy R. Sanhai,et al.  Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: academic, industry and regulatory perspectives , 2010, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[54]  J B Poline,et al.  Direct voxel-based comparison between grey matter hypometabolism and atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. , 2007, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[55]  J. Baron,et al.  The neural substrates of episodic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease as revealed by FDG-PET: relationship to degree of deterioration. , 2002, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[56]  H. Rusinek,et al.  Regional analysis of FDG and PIB-PET images in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease , 2008, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[57]  Tetsuya Mori,et al.  Differences in cerebral metabolic impairment between early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease , 2002, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[58]  R. Koeppe,et al.  A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET. , 1995, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[59]  Jeffrey L. Cummings,et al.  Integrating ADNI results into Alzheimer's disease drug development programs 1 1 Prepared for a special issue of Neurobiology of Aging on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). , 2010, Neurobiology of Aging.

[60]  D J Wyper,et al.  Longitudinal changes in cognitive function and regional cerebral function in Alzheimer's disease: a SPECT blood flow study. , 1996, Journal of psychiatric research.

[61]  J. Morris,et al.  Mild cognitive impairment as a clinical entity and treatment target. , 2005, Archives of neurology.

[62]  Matthias J. Müller,et al.  FDG-PET and CSF phospho-tau for prediction of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment , 2007, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[63]  John V. Carlis,et al.  Where the brain grows old: Decline in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal function with normal aging , 2007, NeuroImage.

[64]  Mark Lubberink,et al.  In vivo Validation of Reconstruction-Based Resolution Recovery for Human Brain Studies , 2010, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[65]  D. Perani,et al.  Heterogeneity of brain glucose metabolism in mild cognitive impairment and clinical progression to Alzheimer disease. , 2005, Archives of neurology.

[66]  Karl Herholz,et al.  FDG PET: Imaging Cerebral Glucose Metabolism with Positron Emission Tomography , 2006 .

[67]  C. DeCarli,et al.  FDG-PET improves accuracy in distinguishing frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. , 2007, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[68]  A. Drzezga,et al.  Prediction of individual clinical outcome in MCI by means of genetic assessment and (18)F-FDG PET. , 2005, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[69]  Armin Scheurich,et al.  Association of elevated phospho-tau levels with alzheimer-typical 18F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose positron emission tomography findings in patients with mild cognitive impairment , 2004, Biological Psychiatry.

[70]  Karl Herholz,et al.  Cortical Flattening Applied to High-Resolution 18F-FDG PET , 2007, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[71]  J. Kessler,et al.  PET correlates of normal and impaired memory functions. , 1992, Cerebrovascular and brain metabolism reviews.

[72]  N. Foster,et al.  Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease , 1997, Annals of neurology.

[73]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach , 1994 .