Edinburgh Research Explorer The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor is expressed on dendritic cells during differentiation and regulates their expansion

The lineage of dendritic cells (DC), and in particular their relationship to monocytes and macrophages, remains obscure. Fur-thermore, the requirement for the macrophage growth factor CSF-1 during DC homeostasis is unclear. Using a transgenic mouse in which the promoter for the CSF-1R (c -fms ) directs the expression of enhanced GFP in cells of the myeloid lineage, we determined that although the c -fms promoter is inactive in DC precursors, it is up-regulated in all DC subsets during differentiation. Furthermore, plasmacytoid DC and all CD11c high DC subsets are reduced by 50–70% in CSF-1-deficient osteopetrotic mice, confirming that CSF-1 signaling is required for the optimal differentiation of DC in vivo. These data provide additional evidence that the majority of tissue DC is of myeloid origin during steady state and supports a close relationship between DC and macrophage biology in vivo. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 1399–1405. endritic cells (DC) 3 represent a heterogeneous population of APCs, which include CD11c (cid:1) CD4 (cid:1) , CD11c (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) , CD11c (cid:1) CD4 (cid:2) CD8 (cid:2) , and CD11c dim B220 (cid:1) subsets in the mouse. The relationship between the various DC subsets and cell lineage remains highly controversial. Although it is clear that they can be differentiated from both monocytes and granulocyte myeloid precursors (1), well-constructed studies also indicate that some DC may derive from common lymphoid precursors (2, 3). The expression of the c -fms gene (which encodes for CSF-1R)

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