The Large Marine Ecosystem Concept: Research and Management Strategy for Living Marine Resources.

The principles adopted by coastal nations under the terms of the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) have been interpreted as supportive of the management of living marine resources from an ecosystems perspective. Large marine ecosystems (LMEs) are described as regional units for the conservation and management of living marine resources in accordance with the legal mandates of UNCLOS. The principal forces driving large-scale changes in living marine resources vary among LMEs. Progress in the research and management of living marine resources and their biomass yields can be enhanced by comparing the multiple stable states among LMEs with regard to the causes of stress or perturbation on the system and the feedback of the system to stress. Ecological considerations that are presently shaping the management of biomass yields in several LMEs in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Oceans are discussed.

[1]  Carl J. Walters,et al.  Experimental Designs for Estimating Transient Responses to Management Disturbances , 1988 .

[2]  F. David,et al.  On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations , 1959, Fish & Fisheries Series.

[3]  R. Lasker.  Food Chains and Fisheries: An Assessment After 20 Years , 1988 .

[4]  Large Marine Ecosystems: An Emerging Concept of Regional Management , 1987 .

[5]  W. Bonner,et al.  Seals and Man: A Study of Interactions , 1983 .

[6]  R. Ricklefs,et al.  Community Diversity: Relative Roles of Local and Regional Processes , 1987, Science.

[7]  Carl J. Walters,et al.  Adaptive Management of Renewable Resources , 1986 .

[8]  L. Juda,et al.  The prospects for comprehensive ocean management , 1990 .

[9]  R. Beverton,et al.  On the dynamics of exploited fish populations , 1993, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.

[10]  Milner B. Schaefer.  Some aspects of the dynamics of populations important to the management of the commercial marine fisheries , 1991 .

[11]  J. Burger,et al.  Seabirds: Feeding Ecology and Role in Marine Ecosystems , 2009 .

[12]  K. Sherman,et al.  Variability And Management Of Large Marine Ecosystems , 1986 .

[13]  S. H. Clark,et al.  CHANGES IN BIOMASS OF FINFISHES AND SQUIDS FROM THE GULF OF MAINE TO CAPE HATTERAS, 1963-74, AS DETERMINED FROM RESEARCH VESSEL SURVEY DATA , 1977 .

[14]  J. Ryther.  Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. , 1969, Science.

[15]  Raymond L. Lindeman.  The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology , 1942 .

[16]  A. Longhurst,et al.  How much food from the sea? , 1970, Science.

[17]  J. M. Elliott,et al.  Fish Population Dynamics , 1989 .