Regulation of Megakaryocytopoiesis

巨核球は分化して血小板を産生するが,分 化 過程 とその制御機構 について不明な点が多い. 巨核球が骨髄細胞の中で占める割合が低 く,巨 核球を用いる実験が手軽におこなえなかったか らである.し か し1960年 初頭か らげっ歯類の 巨核球分化に関する研究がはじまり現在 までに 数多 くの知見が集積された.こ れは人の巨核球 の同定方法がなかったのに反 してげっ歯類の巨 核球はアセチルコリンエステラーゼ活性の発現 から容易に同定できたので動態 を詳しく観察で きたことによる.近 年人の巨核球の分化の過程 も次々 に 明 ら か に な っ て き た.こ れ は Vainchenker1)ら によって人巨核球 コロニー (CFU-Meg)形 成法が確立 されin vitroで 各 成熟段階の巨核球を一個一個捉 えることができ るようになったことと巨核球が血小板ペルオキ シダーゼ(PPO)活 性や血小板特異蛋白である 膜糖蛋 白(GP)な どのモノクローナル抗体 を 使 って容易に同定2)で きるようになったこと による.ま た造血細胞 を制御す るサイ トカイン の多 くがクローニングされ リコンビナン トのサ イ トカインが手 に入 るようになったこと3)も 巨核球分化の制御機構の解明に役立っている. 今回は 1 巨核球分化の研究のための巨核球の 取 り扱い方法,2 巨核球分化 を司るサイ トカ イン,3 巨核球の分化過程について興味 ある 話 題 を解 説 した い. な お 巨核 球 分 化 の 総 説 は今 まで に多 くの 業 績 を挙 げ て こ られ た先 生 方 に よ っ て書 か れ た 血 小

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