Technical and environmental aspects of electric power transmission

This document summarizes the salient aspects of power systems and transmission-line technology and the effects of power-line construction and operation on human health and the environment. Major components of power systems are identified from the level of the individual consumer to that of the power pool, including the distribution, subtransmission, transmission, and power pool levels. This is followed by descriptions of the constituent parts and construction of power lines and the operational requirements and features of power lines and systems. Examples of topics include structure and conductor types, design, and selection; switching station and substation design and operation; and transmission line construction and upgrading. Emphasis is on the operational characteristics of transmission lines and of power systems and pools, including conductor and line parameters, insulation, faults, fault protection, electromagnetic field phenomena, corona phenomena, conductor motion, undesirable voltage levels, compensation, system protection, and system stability, reliability, and adequacy. Overhead dc lines, underground lines, and regulations and safety codes pertaining to power lines are briefly discussed. Environmental effects discussed include those stemming from route selection, clearing and construction, power-line operation, right-of-way maintenance, and the physical presence of structures. Examples of specific topics include visual and ecological criteria for route selection; right-of-way acquisitionmore » and land-use rights; effects of construction on soils, vegetation, and wildlife; impacts of right-of-way maintenance with herbicides or by cutting; types and use of herbicides; and power-line structure interference with TV reception and bird migration. Finally, the environmental impacts of the construction and operation of ac and dc underground lines are discussed.« less