Supermassive black holes in the Sbc spiral galaxies NGC 3310, NGC 4303 and NGC 4258 ,

We have undertaken an HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph survey of 54 late type spiral galaxies to study the scalin g relations between black holes and their host spheroids at the low mass end. Our aim is to measure black hole masses or to set upper limits for a sizeable sample of spiral galaxies. In this paper we present new Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations of three spiral galaxies, NGC 4303, NGC 3310 and NGC 4258. The bright optical emission lines Hα λ 6564A, [NII]λλ 6549, 6585A and [SII]λλ 6718, 6732A were used to study the kinematics of the ionized gas in the nuclear region of each galaxy with a∼ 0.07 ′′ spatial resolution. Our STIS data for NGC 4258 were analyzed in conjunction with archival ones to compare the gas kinematical estimate of the black hole mass with the accurate value from H20-maser observations. In NGC 3310, the observed gas kinematics is well matched by a circularly rotating disk model but we are only able to set an upper limit to the BH mass which, taking into account the allowed disk inclinations, varies in the range 5.0× 10 6 − 4.2× 10 7 M⊙ at the 95% confidence level. In NGC 4303 the kinematical data require the presence of a BH with mass MBH = (5.0) +0.87

[1]  M. Cappellari,et al.  The black hole in NGC 3379: a comparison of gas and stellar dynamical mass measurements with HST and integral‐field data★ , 2006, astro-ph/0605479.

[2]  Japan.,et al.  The Virgo High-Resolution CO Survey: VI. Gas Dynamics and Star Formation along the Bar in NGC 4303 , 2006, astro-ph/0603287.

[3]  G. V. Verdoes Kleijn,et al.  Understanding the Nuclear Gas Dispersion in Early-Type Galaxies in the Context of Black Hole Demographics , 2006, astro-ph/0601023.

[4]  Xiaoyi Dong,et al.  Low-Luminosity Active Galaxies and Their Central Black Holes , 2005, astro-ph/0510694.

[5]  T. Nagao,et al.  The evolution of the broad-line region among SDSS quasars , 2005, astro-ph/0510385.

[6]  A. Marconi,et al.  The supermassive black hole in Centaurus A: a benchmark for gas kinematical measurements , 2005, astro-ph/0507435.

[7]  C. Leitherer,et al.  The Stellar Content of Nearby Star-forming Galaxies. III. Unravelling the Nature of the Diffuse Ultraviolet Light , 2005, astro-ph/0505024.

[8]  J. Binney,et al.  Integral Field Spectroscopy of 23 Spiral Bulges , 2005, astro-ph/0504660.

[9]  J. Binney,et al.  Nuclear Properties of Nearby Spiral Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Imaging and STIS Spectroscopy , 2005, astro-ph/0503693.

[10]  H. Ford,et al.  Supermassive black hole mass measurements for NGC 1300 and 2748 based on Hubble Space Telescope emission‐line gas kinematics , 2005, astro-ph/0502573.

[11]  T. D. Matteo,et al.  Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies , 2005, Nature.

[12]  K. Gebhardt,et al.  Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph Observations of the Central Supermassive Black Hole in Centaurus A , 2005, astro-ph/0501446.

[13]  A. Filippenko,et al.  X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Column Fluctuations in the H2O Maser Galaxy NGC 4258 from Weeks to Years , 2005, astro-ph/0501105.

[14]  Laura Ferrarese,et al.  Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past, Present and Future Research , 2004, astro-ph/0411247.

[15]  J. Knapen Structure and star formation in disk galaxies III. Nuclear and circumnuclear Hα emission , 2004, astro-ph/0409031.

[16]  J. Binney,et al.  Nuclear Properties of a Sample of Nearby Spiral Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope STIS Imaging , 2004 .

[17]  D. Macchetto Supermassive black holes in spiral galaxies , 2004, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union.

[18]  E. Emsellem,et al.  On the reliability of the black hole mass and mass-to-light ratio determinations with Schwarzschild models , 2003, astro-ph/0312307.

[19]  Eric Emsellem,et al.  Parametric Recovery of Line‐of‐Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption‐Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood , 2003, astro-ph/0312201.

[20]  R. Maiolino,et al.  Local supermassive black holes, relics of active galactic nuclei and the X-ray background , 2003, astro-ph/0311619.

[21]  P. Erwin Double-Barred Galaxies I. A Catalog of Barred Galaxies with Stellar Secondary Bars and Inner Disks , 2003, astro-ph/0310806.

[22]  G. Granato,et al.  A Physical Model for the Coevolution of QSOs and Their Spheroidal Hosts , 2003, astro-ph/0307202.

[23]  E. Emsellem,et al.  Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data , 2002, astro-ph/0210379.

[24]  J. Krist The Tiny Tim User’s Guide , 2004 .

[25]  H. Schmitt Supermassive black holes in spiral galaxies , 2004 .

[26]  M. Eracleous,et al.  Completion of a Survey and Detailed Study of Double-peaked Emission Lines in Radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei , 2003, astro-ph/0309149.

[27]  J. Binney,et al.  An Atlas of Hubble Space Telescope Spectra and Images of Nearby Spiral Galaxies , 2003 .

[28]  R. Nichol,et al.  Double-peaked Low-Ionization Emission Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei , 2003, astro-ph/0307357.

[29]  Cambridge,et al.  Star cluster formation and evolution in nearby starburst galaxies – II. Initial conditions , 2003, astro-ph/0305184.

[30]  L. Colina,et al.  Nuclear Activity and Massive Star Formation in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4303: Chandra X-Ray Observations , 2003, astro-ph/0304465.

[31]  A. Marconi,et al.  The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity , 2003, astro-ph/0304274.

[32]  A. Fontana,et al.  Quasar Evolution Driven by Galaxy Encounters in Hierarchical Structures , 2003, astro-ph/0303332.

[33]  Cambridge,et al.  Star cluster formation and evolution in nearby starburst galaxies — I. Systematic uncertainties , 2003, astro-ph/0302286.

[34]  H. Ford,et al.  Is There Really a Black Hole at the Center of NGC 4041? Constraints from Gas Kinematics , 2002, astro-ph/0211650.

[35]  C. Leitherer,et al.  Detection of a Super-Star Cluster as the Ionizing Source in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4303 , 2002 .

[36]  P. T. de Zeeuw,et al.  Gas Kinematics and the Black Hole Mass at the Center of the Radio Galaxy NGC 4335 , 2002, astro-ph/0208132.

[37]  H. Falcke,et al.  NGC4258: a jet-dominated low-luminosity AGN? , 2002, astro-ph/0205531.

[38]  L. Moustakas,et al.  Toward the Secondary Bar: Gas Morphology and Dynamics in NGC 4303 , 2002, astro-ph/0204133.

[39]  S. Tremaine,et al.  The Slope of the Black Hole Mass versus Velocity Dispersion Correlation , 2002, astro-ph/0203468.

[40]  S. Tremaine,et al.  Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes , 2002, astro-ph/0203082.

[41]  E. McGrath,et al.  Circumnuclear Star Formation in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 3310 , 2002 .

[42]  P. T. de Zeeuw,et al.  The counterrotating core and the black hole mass of IC1459 , 2002, astro-ph/0202155.

[43]  R. Peletier,et al.  TO APPEAR IN THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL. Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 14/09/00 NESTED AND SINGLE BARS IN SEYFERT AND NON-SEYFERT GALAXIES , 2001 .

[44]  G. Cecil,et al.  Chandra Observations and the Nature of the Anomalous Arms of NGC 4258 (M106) , 2001, astro-ph/0106514.

[45]  R. Sancisi,et al.  NGC 3310, a galaxy merger? , 2001, astro-ph/0106439.

[46]  G. Rieke,et al.  The Multitude of Unresolved Continuum Sources at 1.6 Microns in Hubble Space Telescope Images of Seyfert Galaxies , 1999, astro-ph/9912452.

[47]  L. Ho,et al.  Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole in the S0 Galaxy NGC 3245 , 2000, astro-ph/0012213.

[48]  R. Sanders,et al.  The Formation of Cosmic Structure with Modified Newtonian Dynamics , 2000, astro-ph/0011439.

[49]  Ralf Bender,et al.  A Relationship between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion , 2000, astro-ph/0006289.

[50]  D. Merritt,et al.  A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies , 2000, astro-ph/0006053.

[51]  M. Skrutskie,et al.  2MASS Extended Source Catalog: Overview and Algorithms , 2000, astro-ph/0004318.

[52]  Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes,et al.  Circumnuclear regions in barred spiral galaxies – I. Near-infrared imaging , 2000, astro-ph/0004108.

[53]  R. Terlevich,et al.  Broad-band and Hα surface photometry of the central regions of nearby active galaxies — I. Observations , 2000 .

[54]  C. Pichon,et al.  Stellar dynamics in the Galactic centre: Proper motions and anisotropy , 2000, astro-ph/0001428.

[55]  L. Colina,et al.  Nuclear Bar, Star Formation, and Gas Fueling in the Active Galaxy NGC 4303 , 1999, astro-ph/9910345.

[56]  A. Evans,et al.  High-Resolution Infrared Imaging of the Compact Nuclear Source in NGC 4258 , 1999, astro-ph/9910557.

[57]  R. Terlevich,et al.  V, R, I and Hα photometry of circumnuclear star-forming regions in four galaxies with different levels of nuclear activity , 1999, astro-ph/9909102.

[58]  J. M. Moran,et al.  A geometric distance to the galaxy NGC4258 from orbital motions in a nuclear gas disk , 1999, Nature.

[59]  L. Colina,et al.  The Starburst-Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Active Galaxies: The MassiveNuclear Star-Forming Disk in NGC 4303 , 1999 .

[60]  Roeland P. van der Marel,et al.  Evidence for a 3 × 10[TSUP]8[/TSUP] [ITAL]M[/ITAL][TINF][sun][/TINF] Black Hole in NGC 7052 from [ITAL]Hubble[/ITAL] [ITAL]Space[/ITAL] [ITAL]T[/ITAL][ITAL]elescope[/ITAL] Observations of the Nuclear Gas Disk , 1998 .

[61]  Astronomy,et al.  ROSAT and ASCA Observations of X-ray Luminous starburst Galaxies : NGC 3310 and NGC 3690 , 1998 .

[62]  María Luisa García Vargas,et al.  Nuclear Star-forming Structures and the Starburst-Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Barred Spirals: NGC 3351 and NGC 4303 , 1997 .

[63]  W. Sparks,et al.  The Supermassive Black Hole of M87 and the Kinematics of Its Associated Gaseous Disk , 1997, astro-ph/9706252.

[64]  L. Ho,et al.  A Search for “Dwarf'' Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies , 1997, astro-ph/9704107.

[65]  M. S. Roberts,et al.  Ultraviolet Imaging of NGC 3310: A Merger-driven Global Starburst , 1996 .

[66]  R. Chary,et al.  NGC 4258: A Compact Central Infrared Source Revealed , 1996 .

[67]  Paul S. Smith,et al.  Optical Detection of the Hidden Nuclear Engine in NGC 4258 , 1995, astro-ph/9510006.

[68]  G. Cecil,et al.  Hot Shocked Gas along the Jets of NGC 4258 (M106) , 1995 .

[69]  James M. Moran,et al.  Detection of a Subparsec Diameter Disk in the Nucleus of NGC 4258 , 1995 .

[70]  John Kormendy,et al.  Inward Bound—The Search for Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei , 1995 .

[71]  Naomasa Nakai,et al.  Evidence for a black hole from high rotation velocities in a sub-parsec region of NGC4258 , 1995, Nature.

[72]  P. Greenfield,et al.  INSTRUMENT SCIENCE REPORT , 1995 .

[73]  K. Weiler,et al.  Radio Continuum Imaging of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 4258 , 1996, astro-ph/0101460.

[74]  P. Ho,et al.  Bright radio continuum emission from star formation in the cores of nearby spiral galaxies , 1994 .

[75]  M. Franx,et al.  A new method for the identification of non-Gaussian line profiles in elliptical galaxies , 1993 .

[76]  R. Terlevich,et al.  Optical and near-ir spectrophotometry of the galaxy ngc 3310 , 1993 .

[77]  G. Cecil,et al.  The braided jets in the spiral galaxy NGC 4258 , 1992 .

[78]  F. Schweizer,et al.  Ripples in Disk Galaxies , 1987 .

[79]  G. Vaucouleurs,et al.  Systematics of Bulge-to-Disk Ratios , 1986 .

[80]  A. Sandage,et al.  Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II - A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area. , 1985 .

[81]  A. Filippenko,et al.  A search for «dwarf» Seyfert 1 nuclei. I: The initial data and results , 1985 .

[82]  F. Bertola,et al.  The jet in NGC 3310 , 1984 .

[83]  Y. Avni,et al.  Energy spectra of X-ray clusters of galaxies , 1976 .

[84]  G. Chincarini,et al.  Studies of Extragalactic Nebulae. II. Preliminary Observations of the Rotation Curve of NGC 3310 , 1967 .

[85]  Edwin E. Salpeter,et al.  Accretion of Interstellar Matter by Massive Objects. , 1964 .