Carbon nanotube optoelectronics

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes are direct-gap materials thatprovide ideal systems for the study of photophysics in one-dimension. Whiletheir excited states involve strongly bound 1D excitons, their single atomiclayer structure makes their optical properties especially sensitive to theirenvironment and external fields, thus allowing for their controlled modification. Inthis chapter we review the properties of the excited states of nanotubes,the mechanisms of their production and detection, focusing particularly onelectrically-induced excitation by ambipolar electron-hole recombination and impactexcitation by hot carriers. Radiative decay of photo-excited and electron-excited(electroluminescence) emission as well as the non-radiative decay to free carriersleading to photoconductivity are discussed. The influence of external electricfields and of environmental interactions on excited nanotubes is considered.Finally, the possible technological uses of carbon nanotubes as nanometer scalelight sources and photocurrent and photovoltage detectors are discussed.

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