An EV SRM Drive Powered by Battery/Supercapacitor With G2V and V2H/V2G Capabilities

This paper develops an electric vehicle switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive powered by a battery/supercapacitor having grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-home (V2H)/vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functions. The power circuit of the motor drive is formed by a bidirectional two-quadrant front-end dc/dc converter and an SRM asymmetric bridge converter. Through proper control and setting of key parameters, good acceleration/deceleration, reversible driving, and braking characteristics are obtained. In idle condition, the proposed motor drive schematic can be rearranged to construct the integrated power converter to perform the following functions: 1) G2V charging mode: a single-phase two-stage switch-mode rectifier based charger is formed with power factor correction capability; 2) autonomous V2H discharging mode: the 60-Hz 220-V/110-V ac sources are generated by the developed single-phase three-wire inverter to power home appliances. Through the developed differential mode and common mode control schemes, well-regulated output voltages are achieved; 3) grid-connected V2G discharging mode: the programmed real power can be sent back to the utility grid.

[1]  Ali Emadi,et al.  Advanced Integrated Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[2]  Brayima Dakyo,et al.  DC/DC and DC/AC Converters Control for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Energy Management-Ultracapacitors and Fuel Cell , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[3]  R. Krishnan,et al.  Switched reluctance motor drives : modeling, simulation, analysis, design, and applications , 2001 .

[4]  Kamal Al-Haddad,et al.  A review of single-phase improved power quality AC-DC converters , 2003, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[5]  Leon M. Tolbert,et al.  Vehicle-to-Grid Reactive Power Operation Using Plug-In Electric Vehicle Bidirectional Offboard Charger , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  V. Agarwal,et al.  Universal Single-Stage Grid-Connected Inverter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[7]  Chang-Ming Liaw,et al.  On the Design of Power Circuit and Control Scheme for Switched Reluctance Generator , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[8]  P. T. Krein,et al.  Review of the Impact of Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies on Distribution Systems and Utility Interfaces , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  Chang-Ming Liaw,et al.  An Integrated Driving/Charging Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Using Three-Phase Power Module , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[10]  Mehrdad Ehsani,et al.  Design and control methodology of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles , 2010, 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[11]  A. M. Omekanda,et al.  Switched reluctance machines for EV and HEV propulsion: State-of-the-art , 2013, 2013 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD).

[12]  A. Emadi,et al.  A New Battery/UltraCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric, Hybrid, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[13]  Srdjan M. Lukic,et al.  Topological overview of hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicular power system architectures and configurations , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  Wenping Cao,et al.  New SR Drive With Integrated Charging Capacity for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Srdjan M. Lukic,et al.  Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  Timothy J. E. Miller,et al.  Switched Reluctance Motors and Their Control , 1993 .

[17]  S. J. Chiang,et al.  Single-phase three-wire transformerless inverter , 1994 .

[18]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Plug-in Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Cost and Emission Reductions , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  Demba Diallo,et al.  Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems: A Comparative Study , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[20]  B. Blunier,et al.  PHEV control strategy including vehicle to home (V2H) and home to vehicle (H2V) functionalities , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[21]  Bhim Singh,et al.  Grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid energy transfer using single-phase bidirectional AC-DC converter and bidirectional DC-DC converter , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal.

[22]  Ali Emadi,et al.  Classification and Review of Control Strategies for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Y. Sozer,et al.  Integrated electric motor drive and power electronics for bidirectional power flow between electric vehicle and DC or AC grid , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[24]  B. Kroposki,et al.  A review of plug-in vehicles and vehicle-to-grid capability , 2008, 2008 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Ryuichi Yokoyama,et al.  Practical storage and utilization of household photovoltaic energy by electric vehicle battery , 2012, 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT).

[26]  J. Bordonau,et al.  Topologies of single-phase inverters for small distributed power generators: an overview , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[27]  Stephan Koch,et al.  Provision of Load Frequency Control by PHEVs, Controllable Loads, and a Cogeneration Unit , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  Shuang Gao,et al.  Opportunities and Challenges of Vehicle-to-Home, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, and Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies , 2013, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[29]  Andreas Sumper,et al.  Electric vehicles in power systems with distributed generation: Vehicle to Microgrid (V2M) project , 2011, 11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.

[30]  Alberto Bellini,et al.  Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[31]  Delfim Pedrosa,et al.  Bidirectional battery charger with Grid-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Home technologies , 2013, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[32]  M. Kazerani,et al.  Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) in vehicular applications: A review on interfacing battery and ultra-capacitor units , 2013, 2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC).