Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to risk for Type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Finnish men and women

[1]  J. Tuomilehto,et al.  Low physical activity and worsening of glucose tolerance: results from a 2-year follow-up of a population sample in Malta. , 1991, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[2]  M. Schroll,et al.  All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. , 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

[3]  K. Patrick,et al.  Physical Activity and Public Health: A Recommendation From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine , 1995 .

[4]  R. Paffenbarger,et al.  Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[5]  G A Colditz,et al.  Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men , 1994, Diabetes Care.

[6]  J. Shaw,et al.  Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic , 2001, Nature.

[7]  A. Nissinen,et al.  Physical activity during leisure and commuting in Tianjin, China. , 2002, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[8]  Tomoshige Hayashi,et al.  Walking to Work and the Risk for Hypertension in Men: The Osaka Health Survey , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[9]  W C Willett,et al.  A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among US male physicians. , 1992, JAMA.

[10]  E. Vartiainen,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972-1997. , 2000, International journal of epidemiology.

[11]  G. Hu,et al.  A comparison of dietary and non-dietary factors of hypertension and normal blood pressure in a Chinese population , 2001, Journal of Human Hypertension.

[12]  J. Manson,et al.  Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women , 1991, The Lancet.

[13]  P. Williams,et al.  Physical activity and public health. , 1995, JAMA.

[14]  T. Valle,et al.  Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  Principal Investigators,et al.  The World Health Organization MONICA project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collabaration , 1988 .

[16]  S. Blair.  Evidence for Success of Exercise in Weight Loss and Control , 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[17]  H. Pekkarinen,et al.  Commuting, leisure-time physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors in China. , 2002, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[18]  G Hu,et al.  Relation between commuting, leisure time physical activity and serum lipids in a Chinese urban population , 2001, Annals of human biology.

[19]  P. Whincup,et al.  Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men , 1995, BMJ.

[20]  E. Vartiainen,et al.  Determinants of energy balance and overweight in Finland 1982 and 1992. , 1996, International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[21]  S. Fowler,et al.  Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. , 2002 .

[22]  G. Colditz,et al.  Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diabetes Mellitus in Women , 1995, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[23]  G A Colditz,et al.  Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[24]  G A Colditz,et al.  Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study. , 1999, JAMA.

[25]  E. Vartiainen,et al.  Trends in waist-to-hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from 1987 to 1997. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[26]  K. Alberti,et al.  Physical activity, metabolic factors, and the incidence of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. , 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

[27]  R N Bergman,et al.  Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. , 1998, JAMA.

[28]  J. Salonen,et al.  Leisure-time physical activity is inversely related to risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged Finnish men. , 1987, European heart journal.

[29]  H. Pekkarinen,et al.  Comparison of dietary and non-dietary risk factors in overweight and normal-weight Chinese adults. , 2002, The British journal of nutrition.

[30]  B. Howard,et al.  Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study , 1997, Diabetes Care.

[31]  I. Vuori,et al.  Association of leisure time physical activity with the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged men and women. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[32]  J. Tuomilehto,et al.  Geographical variation in the major risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women aged 35-64 years , 1988 .

[33]  J. Sallis,et al.  Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. , 1985, American journal of epidemiology.

[34]  P. Zimmet.  Primary Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus , 1988, Diabetes Care.

[35]  M. Kornitzer,et al.  The World Health Organization MONICA Project (Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): A major international Collaboration , 1988 .

[36]  K. Yano,et al.  Physical activity and incidence of diabetes: the Honolulu Heart Program. , 1995, American journal of epidemiology.