Biomechanical response of implant systems placed in the maxillary posterior region under various conditions of angulation, bone density, and loading.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of changes in implant system, position, bone type, and loading condition on the biomechanical response of a single-unit implant-supported restoration using nonlinear 3-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS FEA models of a single-unit (crown) restoration supported by the Frialit-2 implant and MH-6 abutment or the Straumann standard implant with the Straumann solid abutment were used. Each system was analyzed by FEA with both straight and 20-degree angled abutments. Simulated implant placement was performed in the maxillary premolar area with 3 variations in implant orientation relative to the residual ridge. Analysis of each orientation was conducted for each of 4 bone quality types described by Lekholm and Zarb, with lateral and axial loading conditions imposed. The effect of each variable was expressed as a percentage of the total sum of squares as computed using analysis of variance. RESULTS Larger strain values were noted in cortical bone with lateral force and the Frialit-2 system. Bone strain increased with decreasing bone density and was affected primarily by bone quality. Implant stress was influenced mainly by implant position. CONCLUSIONS Better stress/strain distribution is possible when implants are placed along the axis of loading with multiple areas of cortical contact. The Straumann solid abutment performed better as a force-transmission mechanism.

[1]  H. Frost,et al.  Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. , 2009, The Angle orthodontist.

[2]  Chun-Li Lin,et al.  Multi-factorial retainer design analysis of posterior resin-bonded fixed partial dentures: a finite element study. , 2005, Journal of dentistry.

[3]  M. Klingensmith,et al.  Patient Selection and Preparation , 2004 .

[4]  U C Belser,et al.  Stimulating effect of implant loading on surrounding bone. Comparison of three numerical models and validation by in vivo data. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.

[5]  K. Akca,et al.  Role of mechanical environment and implant design on bone tissue differentiation: current knowledge and future contexts. , 2004, Journal of dentistry.

[6]  Haruka Kusakari,et al.  Influence of implant design and bone quality on stress/strain distribution in bone around implants: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis. , 2003, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[7]  M. Çehreli,et al.  The influence of functional forces on the biomechanics of implant-supported prostheses--a review. , 2002, Journal of dentistry.

[8]  Richard M Aspden,et al.  Statistical methods in finite element analysis. , 2002, Journal of biomechanics.

[9]  T. Kaus,et al.  Evolution of the Concept of Angulated Abutments in Implant Dentistry:14-year Clinical Data , 2002, Implant dentistry.

[10]  Robert Haas,et al.  A long-term follow-up of 76 Bränemark single-tooth implants. , 2002, Clinical oral implants research.

[11]  P Missika,et al.  Optimal implant stabilization in low density bone. , 2001, Clinical oral implants research.

[12]  K. Gerstle.  Advanced Mechanics of Materials , 2001 .

[13]  M S Schwarz,et al.  Mechanical complications of dental implants. , 2000, Clinical oral implants research.

[14]  D A Kaiser,et al.  Guidelines for splinting implants. , 2000, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[15]  U. Belser,et al.  Mechanics of the implant-abutment connection: an 8-degree taper compared to a butt joint connection. , 2000, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[16]  P Lockowandt,et al.  Comparison of strength and failure mode of seven implant systems: an in vitro test. , 1997, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[17]  B Z Laufer,et al.  Splinting osseointegrated implants and natural teeth in rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients. Part I: laboratory and clinical studies. , 1997, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[18]  F. Higginbottom,et al.  A multicenter retrospective analysis of the ITI implant system used for single-tooth replacements: preliminary results at 6 or more months of loading. , 1997, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[19]  Ş. Canay,et al.  Comparison of stress distribution around vertical and angled implants with finite-element analysis. , 1996, Quintessence international.

[20]  J K Lee,et al.  A three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of angled abutments for an implant placed in the anterior maxilla. , 1995, Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.

[21]  H Weber,et al.  Biomechanical aspects of two different implant-prosthetic concepts for edentulous maxillae. , 1995, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[22]  C. de Putter,et al.  Stress-absorbing elements in dental implants. , 1990, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[23]  R. Cook,et al.  Advanced Mechanics of Materials , 1985 .

[24]  R Skalak,et al.  Biomechanical considerations in osseointegrated prostheses. , 1983, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[25]  George A. Zarb,et al.  Introduction to osseointegration in clinical dentistry , 1983 .

[26]  L. Gettleman,et al.  An evaluation of nonprecious alloys for use with porcelain veneers. Part I. Physical properties. , 1973, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[27]  G. Lilly,et al.  An evaluation of nonprecious alloys for use with porcelain veneers. Part II. Industrial safety and biocompatibility. , 1973, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[28]  Jörgen Lindström,et al.  Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies , 1971 .

[29]  P. Branemark,et al.  Intra-Osseous Anchorage of Dental Prostheses , 1970, Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

[30]  Chun-Li Lin,et al.  Numerical simulation on the biomechanical interactions of tooth/implant-supported system under various occlusal forces with rigid/non-rigid connections. , 2006, Journal of biomechanics.

[31]  D C Holmes,et al.  Influence of bone quality on stress distribution for endosseous implants. , 1997, The Journal of oral implantology.

[32]  Holmes Dc,et al.  Influence of bone quality on stress distribution for endosseous implants. , 1997, The Journal of oral implantology.

[33]  G. O'Brien,et al.  Comparative study of antirotational single tooth abutments. , 1995, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[34]  William J. Chancellor,et al.  Soil Physical Properties , 1994 .

[35]  A. Gilat,et al.  A photoelastic and strain gauge analysis of angled abutments for an implant system. , 1993, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[36]  P I Brånemark,et al.  A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. , 1981, International journal of oral surgery.