Can isolated word pairs be lexically processed in parallel? Combining tachistoscopic presentation with same-different matching

Whether two or more words can be lexically processed simultaneously during reading remains highly controversial. The dominant technique used to investigate this issue has been eye movement monitoring in conjunction with the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to identify word n+2 preview benefit (e.g., Murray, Wakeford & Vladeanu, 2008; Rayner, Juhasz & Brown, 2007) and lexical parafoveal-on-foveal effects (e.g., Kliegl, Risse & Laubrock, 2007). However, an answer to the serial/parallel debate remains inconclusive. This study investigated whether parallel processing of two words is at the least possible by using a novel experimental paradigm.