Geological and Mineral CO 2 Sequestration Options : A Technical Review

The Kyoto Agreement may or may not be ratified, however, the following text highlights those options that British Columbia will have if a need for geological, mineral or deep ocean sequestration arises. Of the six greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto protocol, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greatest contributor to Canada’s total GHG emissions (Table 1). Fossil fuel combustion is the main source of anthropogenic CO2, and it currently supplies over 85% of the global energy demand (Figure 1). The main engineering effort for reduction of CO2 emissions is therefore aimed at increased efficiency of fossil energy usage, development of energy sources with lower carbon content and increased reliability on alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear. It is not likely that the reduction of CO2 emissions, in an order of magnitude similar to the Kyoto agreement, could be met using these measures alone. CO2 sequestration methods that are currently considered, or being evaluated by industrialized countries, are part of the global plan. Each method has its weaknesses and strengths. The methods that we will cover in this review are:

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