Effects of Large Magnetic Storms on Communication and GPS Navigation Systems at Middle and Equatorial Latitudes
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Large magnetic storms with Dst exceeding 100 nanotesla cause a prompt penetration of electric fields into the midlatitude and the equatorial ionosphere. The resulting steep spatial TEC gradients and scintillation in GPS receivers impact the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), which is to provide GPS based navigation to aircraft. At the magnetic equator, the enhanced eastward electric field causes the crests of the equatorial anomaly to move to much higher latitudes and sets off plasma instabilities that cause intense UHF scintillation. It is shown that the temporal characteristics of SYM-H limit the equatorial activity to a narrow longitude sector.
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