Metal‐electroactive ceramic composite actuators

The metal-ceramic actuator includes an electroactive substrate having at least a pair of opposed planar surfaces and a determined thickness, with the ceramic substrate being poled in its thickness dimension. Conductive electrodes sandwich the ceramic substrate and are bonded to its planar surfaces. Metal caps, each having a concave cavity bounded by a rim, are bonded to both planar surfaces of the ceramic substrate. A potential is applied to the conductive electrodes to cause an expansion of the ceramic substrate in its thickness dimension and a concomitant contraction in its planar dimensions. The contraction creates a flexure of the metal caps, which flexures are used to actuate another instrumentality.