Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers with feedback and modulation.

The nonlinear dynamics of two semiconductor laser systems: (i) with optical feedback, and (ii) with optical feedback and direct current modulation are evaluated from multi-GHz-bandwidth output power time-series. Animations of compilations of the RF spectrum (from the FFT of the time-series) as a function of optical feedback level, injection current and modulation signal strength is demonstrated as a new tool to give insight into the dynamics. The results are contrasted with prior art and new observations include fine structure in the RF spectrum at low levels of optical feedback and non-stationary switching between periodic and chaotic dynamics for some sets of laser system parameters. Correlation dimension analysis successfully identifies periodic dynamics but most of the dynamical states are too complex to be extracted using standard algorithms.

[1]  Daan Lenstra,et al.  Global quantitative predictions of complex laser dynamics. , 2002, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[2]  K. Tai,et al.  Nonlinear dynamics induced by external optical injection in semiconductor lasers , 1997 .

[3]  Yoshio Cho,et al.  Observation of chaos in a semiconductor laser with delayed feedback , 1986 .

[4]  Bjarne Tromborg,et al.  Nonlinear dynamics and spectral behavior for an external cavity laser , 1986 .

[5]  D. Lenstra,et al.  Coherence collapse in single-mode semiconductor lasers due to optical feedback , 1985, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[6]  D. Kane,et al.  Precision Threshold Current Measurement for Semiconductor Lasers Based on Relaxation Oscillation Frequency , 2009, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[7]  K. Alan Shore,et al.  Unlocking Dynamical Diversity: Optical Feedback Effects on Semiconductor Lasers , 2005 .

[8]  Daan Lenstra,et al.  Generalized optical feedback : theory , 2005 .

[9]  K. A. Shore,et al.  Regimes of chaotic synchronization in external-cavity laser diodes , 2002 .

[10]  Laurent Larger,et al.  Chaos-based communications at high bit rates using commercial fibre-optic links , 2005, Nature.

[11]  Chang-Hee Lee,et al.  Period doubling and chaos in a directly modulated laser diode , 1985 .

[12]  J P Toomey,et al.  Automated correlation dimension analysis of optically injected solid state lasers. , 2009, Optics express.

[13]  P. Grassberger,et al.  Measuring the Strangeness of Strange Attractors , 1983 .

[14]  Sang-Yung Shin,et al.  Perturbation analysis of bistability and period doubling bifurcations in directly-modulated laser diodes , 1989 .

[15]  J. McInerney,et al.  Detailed analysis of coherence collapse in semiconductor lasers , 1993 .

[16]  M. Rosenstein,et al.  A practical method for calculating largest Lyapunov exponents from small data sets , 1993 .

[17]  C. McMahon,et al.  High Accuracy Measurement of Relaxation Oscillation Frequency in Heavily Damped Quantum Well Lasers , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

[18]  Jon Lawrence,et al.  Nonlinear dynamics of a laser diode with optical feedback systems subject to modulation , 2002 .

[19]  Stavros Iezekiel,et al.  Nonlinear dynamics in directly modulated multiple-quantum-well laser diodes , 1997 .

[20]  A. Chraplyvy,et al.  Regimes of feedback effects in 1.5-µm distributed feedback lasers , 1986 .

[21]  H. F. Liu,et al.  Nonlinear dynamics of a directly modulated 1.55 mu m InGaAsP distributed feedback semiconductor laser , 1993 .

[22]  Goebel,et al.  Intensity instabilities of semiconductor lasers under current modulation, external light injection, and delayed feedback. , 1992, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[23]  R. Lang,et al.  External optical feedback effects on semiconductor injection laser properties , 1980 .

[24]  S. Eriksson.  Dependence of the experimental stability diagram of an optically injected semiconductor laser on the laser current , 2002 .

[25]  K A Shore,et al.  Demonstration of optical synchronization of chaotic external-cavity laser diodes. , 1999, Optics letters.

[26]  J P Toomey,et al.  Correlation dimension signature of wideband chaos synchronization of semiconductor lasers. , 2006, Optics letters.

[27]  Holger Kantz,et al.  Practical implementation of nonlinear time series methods: The TISEAN package. , 1998, Chaos.

[28]  D. Kane,et al.  Instantaneous frequency measurement applied to semiconductor laser relaxation oscillations , 2010 .

[29]  Mork,et al.  Route to chaos and competition between relaxation oscillations for a semiconductor laser with optical feedback. , 1990, Physical review letters.

[30]  Jean-Michel Lourtioz,et al.  Dynamic behaviors of semiconductor lasers under strong sinusoidal current modulation: modeling and experiments at 1.3 mu m , 1990 .

[31]  Numerical stability maps of an optically injected semiconductor laser , 2004 .

[32]  Ingo Fischer,et al.  INFLUENCE OF AMPLITUDE-PHASE COUPLING ON THE DYNAMICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS SUBJECT TO OPTICAL FEEDBACK , 1999 .

[33]  H. Kantz.  A robust method to estimate the maximal Lyapunov exponent of a time series , 1994 .

[34]  Jean-Michel Lourtioz,et al.  Period doubling in directly modulated InGaAsP semiconductor lasers , 1989 .

[35]  C. E. Moeller,et al.  Chaos in the coherence collapse of semiconductor lasers , 1988 .

[36]  S. Giovannoni,et al.  Molecular diversity and ecology of microbial plankton , 2005, Nature.

[37]  K. Alan Shore,et al.  Dual-channel chaotic optical communications using external-cavity semiconductor lasers , 2004 .

[38]  A. Lindberg,et al.  Observations on the dynamics of semiconductor lasers subjected to external optical injection , 2002 .

[39]  Yao Huang Kao,et al.  Virtual Hopf precursor of period-doubling route in directly modulated semiconductor lasers , 1993 .

[40]  Silvano Donati,et al.  Introduction to the feature section on optical chaos and applications to cryptography , 2002 .

[41]  Ingo Fischer,et al.  Coexistence of low frequency fluctuations and stable emission on a single high-gain mode in semiconductor lasers with external optical feedback , 1998 .

[42]  Jesper Mørk,et al.  Chaos in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback: theory and experiment , 1992 .

[43]  M. Adams,et al.  Stability maps of injection-locked laser diodes using the largest Lyapunov exponent , 2003 .