Although rates of children’s exposure to violence have been declining in the United States, the problem remains extensive. The most recent study found that more than half of children in a national sample had been exposed to violence in the past year.1 Children who have been abused or witnessed violence are more likely than other children to develop mental health problems and engage in risky behaviors. Some of these problems can persist into adulthood. The need is clear for interventions to help children deal with these harmful effects. Yet the evidence base for understanding which interventions work best under different circumstances is still developing. Some interventions have proven effective for specific kinds of violence or specific symptoms; others, although they show signs of promise, have been difficult to implement in real-world settings. Safe Start Promising Approaches is a large-scale initiative intended to test how effectively interventions in community settings can help children deal with the effects of exposure to violence. The initiative was developed by the federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). At first, OJJDP selected 15 sites to implement promising interventions, and RAND evaluated both implementation processes2 and outcomes.3 Extending this effort to test more interventions, OJJDP selected an additional ten sites in 2010 and asked RAND to evaluate outcomes. The sites varied by size, location, age range served, and types of violence exposure, with each proposing an intervention to fit the needs of its target population (see Table 1). Each site identified a primary outcome that best matched the expected impact of the intervention. The evaluation used experimental or quasi-experimental designs to examine whether Safe Start interventions led to child and caregiver improvements in a range of outcomes, with each site selecting one outcome as primary, depending on the goal of its intervention.