“No Input, No Output” Logic

The approach to free logic I advocate here is not so much new as out of fashion, something that belongs to the era of Schock (1968), Smiley (1960), and Ebbinghaus (1969) rather than to the age of van Fraassen (1966a), (1966b) and his disciples. Its semantic basis is valuational, not supervaluational. In my view, while (i) interpretations should represent the possibilities given by cases of reference-failure, (ii) we should then accept as logical truths, valid arguments and the like whatever standard semantic characterizations of these notions deliver.