Species heat and mass transfer in a human upper airway model

Abstract Steady 3-D airflow and scalar transport of ultrafine particles, d p Q in ≈15 l/min), ambient temperature variations (Δ T max =47 °C) influence the local velocity fields and vapor concentrations; however, the total and segmental deposition fractions of fuel vapor in the upper airway are essentially unaffected. (2) The inlet flow rate has a significant effect on vapor deposition, i.e., the higher the flow rate the lower the deposition fraction. (3) The convective heat transfer coefficient averaged over an individual bifurcation unit can be correlated as Nu =0.568( RePr ) 0.495 (600  Re The methodology outlined and physical insight provided can be also applied to other intake configurations, such as engine ports and inlets to air-breathing propulsion systems.

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