Semantic management of moving objects: A vision towards smart mobility

We review the state-of-the-art in the semantic representation of moving objects.We present the key research challenges for the semantic management of moving objects.We propose a scalable framework for the semantic management of moving objects.The framework supports a distributed storage and analysis of semantic mobility data. This position paper presents our vision for the semantic management of moving objects. We argue that exploiting semantic techniques in mobility data management can bring valuable benefits to many domains characterized by the mobility of users and moving objects in general, such as traffic management, urban dynamics analysis, ambient assisted living, emergency management, m-health, etc. We present the state-of-the-art in the domain of management of semantic locations and trajectories, and outline research challenges that need to be investigated to enable a full-fledged and intelligent semantic management of moving objects and location-based services that support smarter mobility. We propose a distributed framework for the semantic enrichment and management of mobility data and analyze the potential deployment and exploitation of such a framework.

[1]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  SeMiTri: a framework for semantic annotation of heterogeneous trajectories , 2011, EDBT/ICDT '11.

[2]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Location-dependent queries in mobile contexts: distributed processing using mobile agents , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[3]  Arkady B. Zaslavsky,et al.  Sensing as a Service and Big Data , 2013, ArXiv.

[4]  Timothy W. Finin,et al.  Privacy Control in Smart Phones Using Semantically Rich Reasoning and Context Modeling , 2012, 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops.

[5]  Nicolette de Keizer,et al.  Comparison of reasoners for large ontologies in the OWL 2 EL profile , 2011, Semantic Web.

[6]  Dino Pedreschi,et al.  Unveiling the complexity of human mobility by querying and mining massive trajectory data , 2011, The VLDB Journal.

[7]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  OWL Web Ontology Language Reference-W3C Recommen-dation , 2004 .

[8]  Ran Wolff,et al.  Distributed Data Mining in Peer-to-Peer Networks , 2006, IEEE Internet Computing.

[9]  Ali Khalili,et al.  Ubiquitous Semantic Applications: A Systematic Literature Review , 2014, Int. J. Semantic Web Inf. Syst..

[10]  Karl Aberer,et al.  ExposureSense: Integrating daily activities with air quality using mobile participatory sensing , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops).

[11]  Chih-Jen Lin,et al.  Big Data Small Footprint: The Design of A Low-Power Classifier for Detecting Transportation Modes , 2014, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[12]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  SHERLOCK: a system for location-based services in wireless environments using semantics , 2013, WWW '13 Companion.

[13]  Wendy Hall,et al.  The Semantic Web Revisited , 2006, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[14]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  A knowledge infrastructure for intelligent query answering in location-based services , 2010, GeoInformatica.

[15]  Ralf Hartmut Güting,et al.  A generic data model for moving objects , 2012, GeoInformatica.

[16]  Grigorios Tsoumakas,et al.  Distributed Data Mining , 2009, Encyclopedia of Data Warehousing and Mining.

[17]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  Semantics in Location-Based Services [Guest editor's introduction] , 2011, IEEE Internet Comput..

[18]  Silvia Giordano,et al.  Mobile ad hoc networks , 2002 .

[19]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Applications of Moving Objects Databases , 2005, Spatial Databases.

[20]  Kai Zheng,et al.  STMaker - A System to Make Sense of Trajectory Data , 2014, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[21]  Cyrus Shahabi,et al.  A Framework for Protecting Worker Location Privacy in Spatial Crowdsourcing , 2014, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[22]  Simon A. Dobson,et al.  Situation identification techniques in pervasive computing: A review , 2012, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[23]  Nadeem Javaid,et al.  iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks , 2014, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[24]  Sandeep Kumar,et al.  Semantic web reasoners and languages , 2011, Artificial Intelligence Review.

[25]  Bill Fleming.  Sensors?A Forecast [Automotive Electronics] , 2013, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[26]  Jit Biswas,et al.  Semantic Reasoning in Context-Aware Assistive Environments to Support Ageing with Dementia , 2012, International Semantic Web Conference.

[27]  Dino Pedreschi,et al.  Spatio-temporal Data Mining , 2008, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[28]  Elena Camossi,et al.  Semantic-based Anomalous Pattern Discovery in Moving Object Trajectories , 2013, ArXiv.

[29]  Christian S. Jensen,et al.  Mining significant semantic locations from GPS data , 2010, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[30]  Max J. Egenhofer,et al.  Modeling Moving Objects over Multiple Granularities , 2002, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[31]  Enrico Motta,et al.  Modularization: a Key for the Dynamic Selection of Relevant Knowledge Components , 2006, WoMO.

[32]  Nikos Pelekis,et al.  HERMES: aggregative LBS via a trajectory DB engine , 2008, SIGMOD Conference.

[33]  Wei-Ying Ma,et al.  Recommending friends and locations based on individual location history , 2011, ACM Trans. Web.

[34]  Carol Ezzell.  The $13-Billion Man , 2001 .

[35]  Mohamed Medhat Gaber,et al.  Open Mobile Miner: A Toolkit for Building Situation-Aware Data Mining Applications , 2013, J. Organ. Comput. Electron. Commer..

[36]  Nicholas D. Lane.  Community-Aware Smartphone Sensing Systems , 2012, IEEE Internet Computing.

[37]  Samuel Madden,et al.  Guest Editors' Introduction: Distributed Data Mining--Framework and Implementations , 2006, IEEE Internet Computing.

[38]  Mirco Musolesi.  Big Mobile Data Mining: Good or Evil? , 2014, IEEE Internet Computing.

[39]  Hui Lin,et al.  A Semantic-based Approach to the Representation of Network-Constrained Trajectory Data , 2006 .

[40]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  An approach to process continuous location-dependent queries on moving objects with support for location granules , 2011, J. Syst. Softw..

[41]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  A formalization for semantic location granules , 2013, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[42]  Jae-Gil Lee,et al.  TraClass: trajectory classification using hierarchical region-based and trajectory-based clustering , 2008, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[43]  Daniele Braga,et al.  Querying RDF streams with C-SPARQL , 2010, SGMD.

[44]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Discovering the Semantics of User Keywords , 2007, J. Univers. Comput. Sci..

[45]  Terry R. Payne,et al.  Guest Editors' Introduction: Semantic Web Services , 2004, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[46]  Elisa Bertino,et al.  Fine-Grained Cloaking of Sensitive Positions in Location-Sharing Applications , 2011, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[47]  Michael L. Brodie,et al.  The meaningful use of big data: four perspectives -- four challenges , 2012, SGMD.

[48]  Jae-Gil Lee,et al.  MoveMine: Mining moving object data for discovery of animal movement patterns , 2011, TIST.

[49]  Dongman Lee,et al.  MiRE4OWL: Mobile Rule Engine for OWL , 2010, 2010 IEEE 34th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops.

[50]  Miriam Baglioni,et al.  How you move reveals who you are: understanding human behavior by analyzing trajectory data , 2012, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[51]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  A clustering-based approach for discovering interesting places in trajectories , 2008, SAC '08.

[52]  L. Stein,et al.  OWL Web Ontology Language - Reference , 2004 .

[53]  Prem Prakash Jayaraman,et al.  MOSDEN: An Internet of Things Middleware for Resource Constrained Mobile Devices , 2013, 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[54]  Hyoil Han,et al.  A survey on ontology mapping , 2006, SGMD.

[55]  Cyril Ray,et al.  Recommendations Based on Region and Spatial Profiles , 2012, W2GIS.

[56]  Robert Weibel,et al.  Towards a taxonomy of movement patterns , 2008, Inf. Vis..

[57]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  Semantic trajectories modeling and analysis , 2013, CSUR.

[58]  Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto,et al.  Management of Big Semantic Data , 2014 .

[59]  Karl Aberer,et al.  Semantic Data Management (Dagstuhl Seminar 12171) , 2012, Dagstuhl Reports.

[60]  Michael Uschold,et al.  Ontologies and semantics for seamless connectivity , 2004, SGMD.

[61]  Jadwiga Indulska,et al.  A survey of context modelling and reasoning techniques , 2010, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[62]  Eugenio Di Sciascio,et al.  A Mobile Reasoner for Semantic-Based Matchmaking , 2012, RR.

[63]  Emiliano Miluzzo,et al.  A survey of mobile phone sensing , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[64]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Location-dependent query processing: Where we are and where we are heading , 2010, CSUR.

[65]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Semantics in Location-Based Services , 2011 .

[66]  Chinya V. Ravishankar,et al.  Finding Regions of Interest from Trajectory Data , 2011, 2011 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Data Management.

[67]  Grigoris Antoniou,et al.  A Survey of Semantics-Based Approaches for Context Reasoning in Ambient Intelligence , 2007, AmI Workshops.

[68]  Prem Prakash Jayaraman,et al.  MOSDEN: A Scalable Mobile Collaborative Platform for Opportunistic Sensing Applications , 2014, EAI Endorsed Trans. Collab. Comput..

[69]  Xiaofang Zhou,et al.  From trajectories to activities: a spatio-temporal join approach , 2009, LBSN '09.

[70]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  A Hybrid Model and Computing Platform for Spatio-semantic Trajectories , 2010, ESWC.

[71]  Rafael Berlanga Llavori,et al.  Safe and Economic Re-Use of Ontologies: A Logic-Based Methodology and Tool Support , 2008, OWLED.

[72]  Ralf Hartmut Güting,et al.  Symbolic Trajectories in SECONDO: Pattern Matching and Rewriting , 2013, DASFAA.

[73]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  A model for enriching trajectories with semantic geographical information , 2007, GIS.

[74]  Fabio Porto,et al.  A conceptual view on trajectories , 2008, Data Knowl. Eng..

[75]  Deborah L. McGuinness,et al.  A Power Consumption Benchmark for Reasoners on Mobile Devices , 2014, SEMWEB.

[76]  Jong Kim,et al.  Protecting location privacy using location semantics , 2011, KDD.

[77]  Patrick Laube,et al.  Progress in Movement Pattern Analysis , 2009, BMI Book.

[78]  Paul Lukowicz,et al.  Using Mobile Technology and a Participatory Sensing Approach for Crowd Monitoring and Management During Large-Scale Mass Gatherings , 2013 .

[79]  Dino Pedreschi,et al.  Spatiotemporal Data Mining , 2008, Mobility, Data Mining and Privacy.

[80]  James A. Hendler,et al.  The Semantic Web" in Scientific American , 2001 .

[81]  Daniel Gatica-Perez,et al.  The Places of Our Lives: Visiting Patterns and Automatic Labeling from Longitudinal Smartphone Data , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[82]  Stephan Olariu,et al.  Vehicular Networks: From Theory to Practice , 2009 .

[83]  Prem Prakash Jayaraman,et al.  Using On-the-Move Mining for Mobile Crowdsensing , 2012, 2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on Mobile Data Management.

[84]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  Adding meaning to your steps , 2011, ER 2011.

[85]  Filip Biljecki,et al.  Transportation mode-based segmentation and classification of movement trajectories , 2013, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[86]  Jiawei Han,et al.  MoveMine 2.0: Mining Object Relationships from Movement Data , 2014, Proc. VLDB Endow..

[87]  Haixun Wang,et al.  Semantic Data Management: Towards Querying Data with their Meaning , 2007, 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering.

[88]  Ouri Wolfson,et al.  Nonmaterialized Motion Information in Transport Networks , 2005, ICDT.

[89]  Nikos Pelekis,et al.  SeTraStream: Semantic-Aware Trajectory Construction over Streaming Movement Data , 2011, SSTD.

[90]  Roberto Navigli,et al.  Word sense disambiguation: A survey , 2009, CSUR.

[91]  Franco Zambonelli,et al.  Extracting High-Level Information from Location Data: The W4 Diary Example , 2009, Mob. Networks Appl..

[92]  Philip S. Yu,et al.  Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Distributed Classification for Pocket Data Mining , 2012, Trans. Large Scale Data Knowl. Centered Syst..

[93]  Liang Zhou,et al.  Cooperation advances on vehicular communications: A survey , 2014, Veh. Commun..

[94]  Eric Hsueh-Chan Lu,et al.  Semantic trajectory-based high utility item recommendation system , 2014, Expert Syst. Appl..

[95]  Gustavo Alonso,et al.  Web Services: Concepts, Architectures and Applications , 2009 .

[96]  Gustavo Alonso,et al.  Myths around Web Services , 2002, IEEE Data Eng. Bull..

[97]  Fan Ye,et al.  Mobile crowdsensing: current state and future challenges , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[98]  Thad Starner,et al.  Using GPS to learn significant locations and predict movement across multiple users , 2003, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[99]  Stefano Spaccapietra,et al.  Trajectory Ontologies and Queries , 2008 .

[100]  Jochen Schiller,et al.  Location Based Services , 2004 .

[101]  Stefan Wrobel,et al.  Visual analytics tools for analysis of movement data , 2007, SKDD.

[102]  Ralf Hartmut Güting,et al.  SECONDO: A Platform for Moving Objects Database Research and for Publishing and Integrating Research Implementations , 2010, IEEE Data Eng. Bull..

[103]  Frank Stajano,et al.  Location Privacy in Pervasive Computing , 2003, IEEE Pervasive Comput..

[104]  Félix J. García Clemente,et al.  SeCoMan: A Semantic-Aware Policy Framework for Developing Privacy-Preserving and Context-Aware Smart Applications , 2016, IEEE Systems Journal.

[105]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  MobiSense — mobile network services for coordinated participatory sensing , 2009, 2009 International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems.

[106]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Android goes Semantic: DL Reasoners on Smartphones , 2013, ORE.

[107]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  Extracting places from traces of locations , 2004, MOCO.

[108]  Chiara Renso,et al.  Where you stop is who you are: understanding people’s activities by places visited , 2010 .

[109]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  Semantic Sensor Web , 2008, IEEE Internet Computing.

[110]  Liviu Iftode,et al.  Crowds replace experts: Building better location-based services using mobile social network interactions , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications.

[111]  Li Ding,et al.  Using Ontologies in the Semantic Web: A Survey , 2005, Ontologies.

[112]  Marco Heurich,et al.  An event-based conceptual model for context-aware movement analysis , 2011, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[113]  Boris Motik,et al.  Delta-reasoner: a semantic web reasoner for an intelligent mobile platform , 2012, WWW.

[114]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  Ontologies and the semantic web , 2008, CACM.

[115]  Ciprian Dobre,et al.  Intelligent services for Big Data science , 2014, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[116]  Miriam Baglioni,et al.  An Ontology-Based Approach for the Semantic Modelling and Reasoning on Trajectories , 2008, ER Workshops.

[117]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  Weka-STPM: a Software Architecture and Prototype for Semantic Trajectory Data Mining and Visualization , 2011, Trans. GIS.

[118]  Elisa Bertino,et al.  The PROBE Framework for the Personalized Cloaking of Private Locations , 2010, Trans. Data Priv..

[119]  Nikos Pelekis,et al.  Baquara: A Holistic Ontological Framework for Movement Analysis Using Linked Data , 2013, ER.

[120]  Asis Nasipuri,et al.  Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2004 .

[121]  Krzysztof Janowicz,et al.  A Geo-ontology Design Pattern for Semantic Trajectories , 2013, COSIT.

[122]  Maria Luisa Damiani,et al.  Privacy-Preserving Sharing of Sensitive Semantic Locations under Road-Network Constraints , 2012, 2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on Mobile Data Management.

[123]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  C-safety: a framework for the anonymization of semantic trajectories , 2011, Trans. Data Priv..

[124]  Ning Wang,et al.  A Semantic-Based Indexing for Indoor Moving Objects , 2014, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[125]  B. Fleming.  Electric Vehicle Collaboration¿Toyota Motor Corporation and Tesla Motors [Automotive Electronics] , 2013 .

[126]  Nikos Pelekis,et al.  Visually exploring movement data via similarity-based analysis , 2012, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems.

[127]  Dino Pedreschi,et al.  Trajectory pattern mining , 2007, KDD '07.

[128]  Peter F. Patel-Schneider,et al.  OWL 2 Web Ontology Language , 2009 .

[129]  Ralf Hartmut Güting,et al.  Modeling and querying moving objects in networks , 2006, The VLDB Journal.

[130]  Robert Weibel,et al.  Movement similarity assessment using symbolic representation of trajectories , 2012, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[131]  Diego Calvanese,et al.  A Framework for Ontology Integration , 2001, The Emerging Semantic Web.

[132]  Eugenio Di Sciascio,et al.  Mini-ME: the Mini Matchmaking Engine , 2012, ORE.

[133]  Karl Aberer,et al.  Enabling Query Technologies for the Semantic Sensor Web , 2012, Int. J. Semantic Web Inf. Syst..

[134]  Koen Langendoen,et al.  Pogo, a Middleware for Mobile Phone Sensing , 2012, Middleware.

[135]  A. Prasad Sistla,et al.  An economic model for resource exchange in mobile peer to peer networks , 2004, Proceedings. 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management, 2004..

[136]  Ouri Wolfson,et al.  A Spatiotemporal Model and Language for Moving Objects on Road Networks , 2001, SSTD.

[137]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  SHERLOCK: Semantic management of Location-Based Services in wireless environments , 2014, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[138]  John Krumm,et al.  A survey of computational location privacy , 2009, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[139]  Naphtali Rishe,et al.  Benefit and Pricing of Spatio-Temporal Information in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks , 2006, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06).

[140]  Anna Monreale,et al.  WhereNext: a location predictor on trajectory pattern mining , 2009, KDD.

[141]  Antony Galton,et al.  Classifying Collective Motion , 2009, BMI Book.

[142]  Stratos Idreos.  Big Data Exploration , 2013 .

[143]  Christian S. Jensen,et al.  Location-Related Privacy in Geo-Social Networks , 2011, IEEE Internet Computing.

[144]  Eduardo Mena,et al.  Android Went Semantic: Time for Evaluation , 2014, ORE.

[145]  Leonard J. Seligman,et al.  Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering September 2002 , 2002 .

[146]  Nick Bassiliades,et al.  Using Rules to Develop a Personalized and Social Location Information System for the Semantic Web , 2014, RuleML.

[147]  Dieter Fensel,et al.  It's a Streaming World! Reasoning upon Rapidly Changing Information , 2009, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[148]  Arkady B. Zaslavsky,et al.  Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[149]  Valéria Cesário Times,et al.  DB-SMoT: A direction-based spatio-temporal clustering method , 2010, 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems.

[150]  Euiho Suh,et al.  Context-aware systems: A literature review and classification , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[151]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A translation approach to portable ontology specifications , 1993, Knowl. Acquis..

[152]  Eric Horvitz,et al.  Predestination: Inferring Destinations from Partial Trajectories , 2006, UbiComp.

[153]  Kai-Florian Richter,et al.  Semantic trajectory compression: Representing urban movement in a nutshell , 2012, J. Spatial Inf. Sci..

[154]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  CONSTAnT – A Conceptual Data Model for Semantic Trajectories of Moving Objects , 2014, Trans. GIS.

[155]  Dexter H. Hu,et al.  A Semantic Context Management Framework on Mobile Device , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems.

[156]  Tim Berners-Lee,et al.  Linked Data - The Story So Far , 2009, Int. J. Semantic Web Inf. Syst..

[157]  Nikolas Mitrou,et al.  Priamos: a middleware architecture for real-time semantic annotation of context features , 2007 .

[158]  Matthias Baldauf,et al.  A survey on context-aware systems , 2007, Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput..

[159]  Amit P. Sheth,et al.  Traveling the Semantic Web through Space, Time, and Theme , 2008, IEEE Internet Computing.

[160]  Robert Weibel,et al.  Discovering relative motion patterns in groups of moving point objects , 2005, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[161]  Henry A. Kautz,et al.  Location-Based Activity Recognition using Relational Markov Networks , 2005, IJCAI.

[162]  S. Ilarri,et al.  Comparison and Performance Evaluation of Mobile Agent Platforms , 2007, Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS'07).

[163]  Katie Shilton,et al.  Participatory personal data: An emerging research challenge for the information sciences , 2012, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[164]  Xiaofeng Wang,et al.  Semantic trajectory-based event detection and event pattern mining , 2013, Knowledge and Information Systems.

[165]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  A Conceptual Data Model for Trajectory Data Mining , 2010, GIScience.

[166]  Davy Janssens,et al.  On the Management and Analysis of Our LifeSteps , 2014, SKDD.

[167]  Federica Mandreoli,et al.  Data-Sharing P2P Networks with Semantic Approximation Capabilities , 2009, IEEE Internet Computing.

[168]  Jeong-Hoon Park.  Spatial semantic search in location-based web services , 2014, WWW '14 Companion.

[169]  N. Mitrou,et al.  A Semantic-Based Architecture for Sensor Data Fusion , 2008, 2008 The Second International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies.

[170]  Tran Cao Son,et al.  Semantic Web Services , 2001, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[171]  Cyril Ray,et al.  Semantic Management of Moving Objects in Smart Cities , 2014, ERCIM News.

[172]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[173]  Jae-Gil Lee,et al.  Trajectory clustering: a partition-and-group framework , 2007, SIGMOD '07.

[174]  Vania Bogorny,et al.  ST‐DMQL: A Semantic Trajectory Data Mining Query Language , 2009, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[175]  Christophe Hurter,et al.  Scalable Analysis of Movement Data for Extracting and Exploring Significant Places , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[176]  Jiannong Cao,et al.  When Transportation Meets Communication: V2P over VANETs , 2010, 2010 IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[177]  M. Goodchild,et al.  Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice , 2012 .

[178]  Bo Xu,et al.  Moving objects databases: issues and solutions , 1998, Proceedings. Tenth International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (Cat. No.98TB100243).

[179]  Mirco Musolesi,et al.  Anticipatory Mobile Computing , 2013, ACM Comput. Surv..

[180]  Zhiming Ding,et al.  Collecting and Managing Network-Matched Trajectories of Moving Objects in Databases , 2011, DEXA.

[181]  Cyril Ray,et al.  Spatial models for context-aware indoor navigation systems: A survey , 2012, J. Spatial Inf. Sci..

[182]  James H. Aylor,et al.  Computer for the 21st Century , 1999, Computer.

[183]  Szappanos Tibor,et al.  Distributed Data Mining and Data Warehouse , 2005 .

[184]  Prem Prakash Jayaraman,et al.  ShareLikesCrowd: Mobile analytics for participatory sensing and crowd-sourcing applications , 2013, 2013 IEEE 29th International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW).

[185]  David Kotz,et al.  AnonySense: Opportunistic and Privacy-Preserving Context Collection , 2009, Pervasive.

[186]  Karl Aberer,et al.  Deriving Semantic Sensor Metadata from Raw Measurements , 2012, SSN.

[187]  Bratislav Predic,et al.  Localized Processing and Analysis of Accelerometer Data in Detecting Traffic Events and Driver Behaviour , 2012, J. Univers. Comput. Sci..

[188]  Andreas Heinemann,et al.  Survey on Location Privacy in Pervasive Computing , 2005 .