Omics in bioremediation: A consolidated overview

A pure environment gives a quality of life on earth. In ancient times, it was believed that people on earth had an unlimited abundance of land and resources; today, however, the resources in the world show, in greater or lesser degree, our carelessness and negligence in using them. In many parts of the globe the problems associated with contaminated sites are now growing up. The actual cause of this scenario is result from past industrial activities when awareness of the health and environmental effects connected with the production, use, and disposal of hazardous substances were less well recognized than today. It became a global complication when the estimated number of contaminated sites became significant[9]. There are several traditional methods which have been applied to overcome this inconvenience. From the list of ideas which have been applied the best ones are to completely demolish the pollutants if possible, or at least to transform them to innoxious substances. Different kinds of techniques have been applied like high-temperature incineration and various types of chemical decomposition. Bagging several drawbacks like technological complexity, the cost for small-scale application, and the lack of public acceptance, especially for incineration that may increase the exposure to contaminants for both the workers at the site and nearby residents, these are effective at reducing levels of a range of contaminants. Bioremediation is an option that utilizes microbes to remove many contaminants from the environment by a diversity of enzymatic processes. It shows up some positive shades such as, comparatively low-cost, lowtechnology techniques, which generally have a high public acceptance and can often be carried out on site. However, it will not always be suitable as the range of contaminants on which it is effective is limited, the time scales involved are relatively long, and the residual contaminant levels achievable may not always be appropriate. Varying degrees of success bioremediation has been used at a number of sites worldwide. Here, we attempted to assist by providing information how the bioremediation is linked with cutting edge sciences like genomics,transcriptomics, proteomics, interactomics and bioinformatics.