Wearable Sensing of Left Ventricular Function

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause nearly one third of all deaths worldwide, and are projected to afflict 40% of all Americans by the year 2030. According to the World Health Organization, CVDs can be prevented by early detection and management of risk factors—and consequent changes in behavior such as reducing tobacco use, increasing physical activity, and improving diet. Many CVDs are fundamentally associated with a weakening or damaged left ventricle (LV). Recent advances in wearable hemodynamics and cardiac timing measurement technologies present an exciting opportunity to achieve early detection and continuous monitoring of changes in LV function, and to then potentially affect behavior to reduce CVD prevalence. This chapter will (1) provide a brief introduction to LV physiology, (2) a description of key parameters such as stroke volume, cardiac output, and arterial blood pressure that capture LV function, (3) an introduction to heart failure as a key example of LV pathophysiology, (4) a discussion of wearable technologies for continuous and ubiquitous sensing of LV parameters using mHealth approaches, and (5) future directions and trends.

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