Leprous Neuropathy: an integral view of the peripheral damages caused by Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. In the course of this disease patients can develop a peripheral neuropathy called leprous neuropathy, which is responsible for the appearance of disabilities in eyes, hands and feet. A structured search was performed in Pubmed and OVID databases using the following MeSH terms: leprosy, neuropathy, peripheral nerves, Schwann cell, disability and biomarkers. 83.8 % of the articles referenced in this review were selected by this search 1 MD. MSc. Estudiante de doctorado de Ciencias de la Salud CES. hectorserranocoll@gmail.com 2 MD. MSc. PhD. Investigadora. Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia. ncardona@ces.edu.co.

[1]  K. Sarhane,et al.  Prevalence of leprous neuropathy determined by neurosensory testing in an endemic zone in Ecuador: Development of an algorithm to identify patients benefiting from early neurolysis. , 2016, Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.

[2]  S. Natal,et al.  Anti-PGL-1 Positivity as a Risk Marker for the Development of Leprosy among Contacts of Leprosy Cases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis , 2016, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[3]  J. M. Pereira,et al.  Thermographic analysis and autonomic response in the hands of patients with leprosy* , 2016, Anais brasileiros de dermatologia.

[4]  E. Sarno,et al.  Inflammatory Cytokines Are Involved in Focal Demyelination in Leprosy Neuritis , 2016, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[5]  A. Dellon,et al.  Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy in Leprosy: The Case for Nerve Decompression , 2016, Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open.

[6]  P. Reis,et al.  Gene Association with Leprosy: A Review of Published Data , 2016, Front. Immunol..

[7]  J. Belisle,et al.  The Essential Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium leprae Is Not Coupled to Central Carbon Metabolism and Energy Production , 2015, Journal of bacteriology.

[8]  A. Dellon,et al.  Selecting a Test for Leprous Neuropathy Screening , 2015, Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery.

[9]  P. Machado,et al.  The role of ERBB2 gene polymorphisms in leprosy susceptibility , 2015, The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases.

[10]  M. Natrajan,et al.  High Resolution Structural Changes of Schwann Cell and Endothelial Cells in Peripheral Nerves Across Leprosy Spectrum , 2014, Ultrastructural pathology.

[11]  S. Latifi,et al.  Comparison of the accuracy of monofilament testing at various points of feet in peripheral diabetic neuropathy screening , 2014, Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.

[12]  D. Pandhi,et al.  New insights in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 lepra reaction. , 2013, Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology.

[13]  A. Chattopadhyay,et al.  Use of fine needle aspirate from peripheral nerves of pure-neural leprosy for cytology and PCR to confirm the diagnosis: a pilot study. , 2013, Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology.

[14]  O. Nascimento.  Leprosy neuropathy: clinical presentations. , 2013, Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria.

[15]  N. Cardona-Castro.  Leprosy in Colombia: post elimination stage? , 2013, Leprosy review.

[16]  W. Marques,et al.  Primary neural leprosy: systematic review. , 2013, Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria.

[17]  S. Kar,et al.  Nerve damage in leprosy: An electrophysiological evaluation of ulnar and median nerves in patients with clinical neural deficits: A pilot study , 2013, Indian dermatology online journal.

[18]  N. Cardona-Castro,et al.  Pure neuritic leprosy in patients from a high endemic region of Colombia. , 2013, Leprosy review.

[19]  H. Drobecq,et al.  Mycobacterial laminin-binding histone-like protein mediates collagen-dependent cytoadherence. , 2012, Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

[20]  R. Vale,et al.  Degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function in patients with Hansen's disease with common peroneal nerve damage. , 2012, Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.

[21]  Tongsheng Chu,et al.  Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in the people affected by leprosy in China. , 2012, Leprosy review.

[22]  J. Kouyoumdjian,et al.  NINJURIN1 single nucleotide polymorphism and nerve damage in leprosy. , 2012, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

[23]  Ashwin Woodhoo,et al.  A Central Role for the ERK-Signaling Pathway in Controlling Schwann Cell Plasticity and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo , 2012, Neuron.

[24]  T. Ottenhoff.  New insights and tools to combat leprosy nerve damage. , 2011, Leprosy review.

[25]  U. Lopes,et al.  Thalidomide modulates Mycobacterium leprae-induced NF-κB pathway and lower cytokine response. , 2011, European journal of pharmacology.

[26]  D. Bennett,et al.  The role of neuregulin-1 in the response to nerve injury. , 2011, Future neurology.

[27]  P. Bozza,et al.  TLR6-Driven Lipid Droplets in Mycobacterium leprae-Infected Schwann Cells: Immunoinflammatory Platforms Associated with Bacterial Persistence , 2011, The Journal of Immunology.

[28]  D. Lockwood,et al.  A Phase Two Randomised Controlled Double Blind Trial of High Dose Intravenous Methylprednisolone and Oral Prednisolone versus Intravenous Normal Saline and Oral Prednisolone in Individuals with Leprosy Type 1 Reactions and/or Nerve Function Impairment , 2011, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[29]  D. Lockwood,et al.  Analysis of Antibody and Cytokine Markers for Leprosy Nerve Damage and Reactions in the INFIR Cohort in India , 2011, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[30]  C. Antunes,et al.  Study of the profile of the neurotrophin BDNF in new leprosy cases before, during and after multidrug therapy. , 2011, Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria.

[31]  P. Bozza,et al.  Modulation of lipid droplets by Mycobacterium leprae in Schwann cells: a putative mechanism for host lipid acquisition and bacterial survival in phagosomes , 2011, Cellular microbiology.

[32]  C. Birchmeier,et al.  Nrg1/ErbB signaling networks in Schwann cell development and myelination. , 2010, Seminars in cell & developmental biology.

[33]  Bhawna Singh,et al.  Anti-ceramide antibodies in leprosy: marker for nerve damage? , 2010, Journal of infection in developing countries.

[34]  R. Garg.  Unusually Thickened Ulnar Nerve and Lagophthalmos in Leprosy , 2010, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[35]  Hiroaki Kimura,et al.  Tryptophan aspartate‐containing coat protein (CORO1A) suppresses Toll‐like receptor signalling in Mycobacterium leprae infection , 2009, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[36]  D. Scollard.  The biology of nerve injury in leprosy. , 2008, Leprosy review.

[37]  R. Bharadwaj,et al.  Circulating cytokine profiles in leprosy patients. , 2007, Leprosy review.

[38]  Makoto Ohnishi,et al.  ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling mediates early demyelination induced by leprosy bacilli , 2006, Nature Medicine.

[39]  A. Dellon,et al.  Detection of Neuropathy Due to Mycobacterium leprae Using Noninvasive Neurosensory Testing of Susceptible Peripheral Nerves , 2005, Annals of plastic surgery.

[40]  A. M. Saliba,et al.  Mycobacterium leprae induces NF-kappaB-dependent transcription repression in human Schwann cells. , 2005, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[41]  D. Lockwood,et al.  The INFIR Cohort Study: investigating prediction, detection and pathogenesis of neuropathy and reactions in leprosy. Methods and baseline results of a cohort of multibacillary leprosy patients in north India. , 2005, Leprosy review.

[42]  J. Holy,et al.  Mycobacterium leprae infection of human Schwann cells depends on selective host kinases and pathogen-modulated endocytic pathways , 2004 .

[43]  P. Brophy.  Subversion of Schwann Cells and the Leper's Bell , 2002, Science.

[44]  A. Capobianco,et al.  Induction of Cyclin D1 Transcription and CDK2 Activity by Notchic: Implication for Cell Cycle Disruption in Transformation by Notchic , 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[45]  M. B. Orsini,et al.  The development and adaptation of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments in Brazil. , 1993, Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists.

[46]  J. M. Pearson,et al.  Nerve involvement in leprosy--pathology, differential diagnosis and principles of management. , 1975, Leprosy review.

[47]  M. Çabalar,et al.  The clinical & neurophysiological study of leprosy , 1969, Pakistan journal of medical sciences.

[48]  W. Marques,et al.  Assessing nerves in leprosy. , 2016, Clinics in dermatology.

[49]  N. Cardona-Castro,et al.  Effectiveness of an individual physical rehabilitation programme in a group of patients with Hansen ’ s disease , 2016 .

[50]  D. Ciampi de Andrade,et al.  Neuropathic pain in leprosy. , 2016, Clinics in dermatology.

[51]  G. Ebenezer,et al.  Mechanisms of nerve injury in leprosy. , 2015, Clinics in dermatology.

[52]  V. Valluri,et al.  Immunology of leprosy and diagnostic challenges. , 2015, Clinics in dermatology.

[53]  J. McArthur,et al.  The armadillo as a model for peripheral neuropathy in leprosy. , 2014, ILAR journal.

[54]  J. Nova,et al.  [Leprosy reactions in a Colombian national reference centre]. , 2013, Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud.

[55]  R. A. Guzmán,et al.  Lepra. Clasificación y cuadro clínico , 2012 .

[56]  S. Lourenço,et al.  [Peripheral nervous system and grounds for the neural insult in leprosy]. , 2009, Anais brasileiros de dermatologia.

[57]  S. Husain,et al.  Decompression of peripheral nerve trunks in leprosy to prevent the development and progression of deformities , 2008, Indian journal of orthopaedics.

[58]  K. Campbell,et al.  Role of alpha-dystroglycan as a Schwann cell receptor for Mycobacterium leprae. , 1998, Science.