on Neurologic Imaging:

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level CT neck with IV contrast Usually Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ MRI neck without and with IV contrast Usually Appropriate O MRI neck without IV contrast May Be Appropriate O US neck May Be Appropriate O CT neck without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ CT neck without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ CTA neck with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ FDG-PET/CT skull base to mid-thigh Usually Not Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ ☢ FDG-PET/MRI skull base to mid-thigh Usually Not Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ MRA neck without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually Not Appropriate ☢ ☢ ☢ MRA neck without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O

[1]  Christopher C. Griffith,et al.  Clinical Practice Guideline: Evaluation of the Neck Mass in Adults Executive Summary , 2017, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[2]  K. Niemczyk,et al.  The differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumors with high-resolution ultrasound in otolaryngological practice , 2017, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

[3]  J. Marcus,et al.  Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck cancer: A systematic review of the diagnostic and prognostic value. , 2017, Oral Oncology.

[4]  H. Kato,et al.  Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiating between Warthin’s tumor and oncocytoma of the parotid gland , 2017, Japanese Journal of Radiology.

[5]  I. Namer,et al.  Head-to-head comparison between 18F-FDOPA PET/CT and MR/CT angiography in clinically recurrent head and neck paragangliomas , 2017, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[6]  R. Brown,et al.  Diagnostic imaging of benign and malignant neck masses in children-a pictorial review. , 2016, Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery.

[7]  B. Branstetter,et al.  Fat: friend or foe? A review of fat-containing masses within the head and neck. , 2016, The British journal of radiology.

[8]  C. Kirsch,et al.  Increasing Incidence and Imaging in Pediatric Head and Neck Cancer and Role of the Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein–Barr Virus , 2016, Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology.

[9]  K. Pacak,et al.  Prospective comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in patients with various pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas with emphasis on sporadic cases , 2016, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[10]  K. Ryu,et al.  Cervical Lymph Node Imaging Reporting and Data System for Ultrasound of Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Pilot Study. , 2016, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[11]  Xinling Shi,et al.  Application of Computer-Aided Diagnosis to the Sonographic Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes , 2016, Ultrasonic imaging.

[12]  H. Sugimoto,et al.  Imaging characteristics of metastatic nodes and outcomes by HPV status in head and neck cancers , 2016, The Laryngoscope.

[13]  A. Jacquier,et al.  Shear Wave Elastography in Head and Neck Lymph Node Assessment: Image Quality and Diagnostic Impact Compared with B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonography. , 2016, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[14]  P. Herscovitch,et al.  68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the Localization of Head and Neck Paragangliomas Compared with Other Functional Imaging Modalities and CT/MRI , 2016, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[15]  Brittny N. Tillman,et al.  A lean neck mass clinic model: Adding value to care , 2015, The Laryngoscope.

[16]  L. Giacomelli,et al.  Deep neck infections originating from the major salivary glands. , 2015, American journal of otolaryngology.

[17]  Kyung-Ja Cho,et al.  Comparison of Fine-Needle Aspiration and Core Needle Biopsy under Ultrasonographic Guidance for Detecting Malignancy and for the Tissue-Specific Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors , 2015, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[18]  J. Haynes,et al.  Evaluation of neck masses in adults. , 2015, American family physician.

[19]  A. Mebazaa,et al.  Clinical and imaging factors associated with severe complications of cervical necrotizing fasciitis , 2015, Intensive Care Medicine.

[20]  K. Omori,et al.  Stiffness of salivary gland and tumor measured by new ultrasonic techniques: Virtual touch quantification and IQ. , 2015, Auris, nasus, larynx.

[21]  Zhao-Peng Jiang,et al.  Differentiation of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes With Ultrasound Elastography by Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging , 2015, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[22]  S. Zaghi,et al.  MRI criteria for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma: a validation study. , 2014, American journal of otolaryngology.

[23]  J. Hah,et al.  Neck computed tomography in pediatric neck mass as initial evaluation in ED: is it malpractice? , 2014, The American journal of emergency medicine.

[24]  B. Wang,et al.  Images of deep neck space infection and the clinical significance , 2014, Acta radiologica.

[25]  Zhanqiang Jin,et al.  Gray-scale ultrasonography combined with elastography imaging for the evaluation of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: as a prognostic clinicopathology factor. , 2014, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[26]  I. Pai,et al.  Investigation strategy in the management of metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary presenting as cervical lymphadenopathy , 2014, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[27]  Barbara Messing,et al.  The use of ultrasound in the search for the primary site of unknown primary head and neck squamous cell cancers. , 2014, Oral oncology.

[28]  M. Kanematsu,et al.  Salivary gland tumors of the parotid gland: CT and MR imaging findings with emphasis on intratumoral cystic components , 2014, Neuroradiology.

[29]  S. Mukherji,et al.  Raise the Bar and Lower the Dose: Current and Future Strategies for Radiation Dose Reduction in Head and Neck Imaging , 2014, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[30]  J. Stoner,et al.  Benefits of ultrasound vs. computed tomography in the diagnosis of pediatric lateral neck abscesses. , 2014, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

[31]  D. Fodor,et al.  The place of CEUS in distinguishing benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes: a prospective study. , 2014, Medical ultrasonography.

[32]  E. Casiraghi,et al.  Epidemiological profile of non-traumatic emergencies of the neck in CT imaging: our experience , 2014, La radiologia medica.

[33]  A. Ahuja,et al.  Review of ultrasonography of malignant neck nodes: greyscale, Doppler, contrast enhancement and elastography , 2014, Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society.

[34]  A. Vade,et al.  Cervical Lymph Node Fine Needle Aspiration in Patients With No History of Malignancy , 2013, Ultrasound quarterly.

[35]  K. Mitra,et al.  High-Frequency Ultrasound in Parotid Gland Disease , 2013, Ultrasound quarterly.

[36]  A. Razek,et al.  Time resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) MR angiography of arteriovenous malformations of head and neck. , 2013, European journal of radiology.

[37]  S. Nemec,et al.  Texture‐based and diffusion‐weighted discrimination of parotid gland lesions on MR images at 3.0 Tesla , 2013, NMR in biomedicine.

[38]  R. Kollipara,et al.  Current classification and terminology of pediatric vascular anomalies. , 2013, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[39]  Changjun Wu,et al.  Initial experience of acoustic radiation force impulse ultrasound imaging of cervical lymph nodes. , 2013, European journal of radiology.

[40]  T. Haji,et al.  Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for reactive and malignant/metastatic cervical lymph nodes. , 2013, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[41]  Jeong Hyun Lee,et al.  Quantitative shear wave elastography in the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymph nodes. , 2013, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[42]  A. Stangierski,et al.  Is sonoelastography a helpful method for evaluation of parotid tumors? , 2012, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

[43]  S. Bolboacă,et al.  The value of a new score for sonoelastographic differentiation between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes. , 2012, Medical ultrasonography.

[44]  T. Kasamatsu,et al.  One month is sufficient for urinary iodine to return to its baseline value after the use of water-soluble iodinated contrast agents in post-thyroidectomy patients requiring radioiodine therapy. , 2012, Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association.

[45]  S. Sachdeva,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of color doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in oral cancer patients. , 2012, Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research.

[46]  Y. Wan,et al.  Comparison of ultrasonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration and core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of parotid masses , 2012, Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU.

[47]  A. Christe,et al.  MR Imaging of Parotid Tumors: Typical Lesion Characteristics in MR Imaging Improve Discrimination between Benign and Malignant Disease , 2011, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[48]  V. Singh,et al.  Clinical utility and prospective comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography imaging in staging of neck metastases in head and neck squamous cell cancer in an Indian setup , 2011, International Journal of Clinical Oncology.

[49]  R. Shukla,et al.  Usefulness of ultrasonography for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy , 2011, World journal of surgical oncology.

[50]  R. Howell,et al.  Complications in Pediatric Deep Neck Space Abscesses , 2011, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[51]  Ann D King,et al.  Real-time qualitative ultrasound elastography of cervical lymph nodes in routine clinical practice: interobserver agreement and correlation with malignancy. , 2010, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[52]  S. Fujii,et al.  Capsule of parotid gland tumor: evaluation by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging using surface coils , 2010, Acta radiologica.

[53]  Abhishek Gupta,et al.  Sonographic assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy: Role of high‐resolution and color Doppler imaging , 2010, Head & neck.

[54]  A. Thomas,et al.  Differentiation of Parotid Gland Tumors with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound , 2009, RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin.

[55]  Ernst J Rummeny,et al.  Value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differentiation between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes. , 2009, European journal of radiology.

[56]  T. Kurabayashi,et al.  Differentiation between superficial and deep lobe parotid tumors by magnetic resonance imaging: usefulness of the parotid duct criterion , 2009, Acta radiologica.

[57]  E. Abemayor,et al.  Pediatric squamous cell carcinoma: Case report and literature review , 2009, The Laryngoscope.

[58]  M. Metzger,et al.  Preoperative cervical lymph node size evaluation in patients with malignant head/neck tumors: comparison between ultrasound and computer tomography , 2009, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[59]  G. Adam,et al.  Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar MR Imaging of Primary Parotid Gland Tumors: Is a Prediction of Different Histologic Subtypes Possible? , 2009, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[60]  J. Califano,et al.  Cystic lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck cancer: An HPV‐associated phenomenon , 2008, Head & neck.

[61]  W. Chung,et al.  Preoperative Prediction of the Location of Parotid Gland Tumors using Anatomical Landmarks , 2008, World Journal of Surgery.

[62]  A. King,et al.  Imaging of cystic or cyst-like neck masses. , 2008, Clinical radiology.

[63]  M. Ohki,et al.  MR factor analysis: Improved technology for the assessment of 2D dynamic structures of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[64]  E. Vicaut,et al.  Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Value of Contrast-Enhanced 3D MR Angiography , 2008, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[65]  L. Pignataro,et al.  Comparative Ultrasonographic, Magnetic Resonance Sialographic, and Videoendoscopic Assessment of Salivary Duct Disorders , 2008, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[66]  A. King,et al.  Ultrasound of malignant cervical lymph nodes , 2008, Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society.

[67]  Yoshifumi Yamamoto,et al.  The role of fine-needle aspiration cytology and magnetic resonance imaging in the management of parotid mass lesions , 2008, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[68]  T. Vogl,et al.  Differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumors using deconvolution-based perfusion CT imaging: feasibility of the method and initial results. , 2007, European journal of radiology.

[69]  W. Bautz,et al.  The value of dynamic MRI studies in parotid tumors. , 2007, Academic radiology.

[70]  G. Hordijk,et al.  Do magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound add anything to the preoperative workup of parotid gland tumors? , 2007, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[71]  L. Ozluoglu,et al.  Dynamic Multislice Computed Tomography Findings for Parotid Gland Tumors , 2007, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[72]  S. Mukherji,et al.  Delayed MDCT Imaging Results in Increased Enhancement in Patients With Head and Neck Neoplasms , 2006, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[73]  Jakwei Chang,et al.  Predicting deep neck space abscess using computed tomography. , 2006, American journal of otolaryngology.

[74]  E. Kim,et al.  Peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the neck: CT findings of lymph node involvement. , 2006, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[75]  K. Tominaga,et al.  Utility of diffusion-weighted images using fast asymmetric spin-echo sequences for detection of abscess formation in the head and neck region. , 2006, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[76]  K. Tominaga,et al.  Three-dimensional identification of hemangiomas and feeding arteries in the head and neck region using combined phase-contrast MR angiography and fast asymmetric spin-echo sequences. , 2005, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[77]  S. Kim,et al.  Nodular fasciitis in the head and neck: CT and MR imaging findings. , 2005, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[78]  Jeong Hyun Lee,et al.  MR Imaging of Solitary Fibrous Tumors in the Head and Neck , 2005, Korean journal of radiology.

[79]  B. Carrington,et al.  Cross-sectional imaging in non-melanoma skin cancer of the head and neck. , 2005, Clinical radiology.

[80]  G. Krombach,et al.  New method of dynamic color doppler signal quantification in metastatic lymph nodes compared to direct polarographic measurements of tissue oxygenation , 2005, International journal of cancer.

[81]  A. Ahuja,et al.  Accuracy of sonographic vascular features in differentiating different causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. , 2004, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[82]  K. Hayashi,et al.  Discrimination of metastatic cervical lymph nodes with diffusion-weighted MR imaging in patients with head and neck cancer. , 2003, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[83]  D. Adams,et al.  Vascular malformations and hemangiomas: a practical approach in a multidisciplinary clinic. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[84]  C. J. Chung,et al.  Imaging of congenital vascular and lymphatic anomalies of the head and neck. , 2000, Neuroimaging clinics of North America.

[85]  W. Dillon,et al.  Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck : MR characterization , 1993 .

[86]  M. Ranney,et al.  Beyond the bedside: Clinicians as guardians of public health, medicine and science , 2020, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.

[87]  H. Harvey,et al.  ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Thyroid Disease. , 2019, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[88]  Matthew P. Goetz,et al.  NCCN CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN ONCOLOGY , 2019 .

[89]  Kaliszewski,et al.  American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer : The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer , 2017 .

[90]  N. Aygun,et al.  Evaluation: Imaging Studies. , 2016, Advances in oto-rhino-laryngology.

[91]  A. Srinivasan,et al.  Imaging of vascular lesions of the head and neck. , 2015, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[92]  Ajay Gupta,et al.  Imaging evaluation of the suprahyoid neck. , 2015, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[93]  L. Gentry,et al.  Imaging of head and neck emergencies. , 2015, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[94]  G. Hedlund,et al.  Common pediatric head and neck congenital/developmental anomalies. , 2015, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[95]  R. Wiggins,et al.  Imaging of head and neck lymph nodes. , 2015, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[96]  V. Valentini,et al.  The role of time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the evaluation of head-neck vascular anomalies: a preliminary experience. , 2015, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[97]  V. Siedek,et al.  Monitoring parotid gland tumors with a new perfusion software for contrast-enhanced ultrasound. , 2014, Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation.

[98]  Y. Wen,et al.  Pitfalls of CT for deep neck abscess imaging assessment: a retrospective review of 162 cases. , 2013, B-ENT.

[99]  V. Siedek,et al.  Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound for differential diagnosis of submandibular gland disease , 2013, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

[100]  M. Sumi,et al.  Apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of salivary gland tumors: prediction of the benignancy and malignancy. , 2007, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[101]  M. Kataoka,et al.  Contrast-enhanced volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination compared with spin-echo T1-weighted imaging of head and neck tumors. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.