neuraxial block: report on the Third National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102: 179–90 6 Gottschalk A, Van Aken H, Zenz M, Standl T. Is anesthesia dangerous? Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108: 469–74 7 Freise H, Van Aken HK. Risks and benefits of thoracic epidural anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107: 859–68 8 Cantwell R, Clutton-Brock T, Cooper G, et al. Saving Mothers’ Lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006– 2008. The eighth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG 2011; 118 (Suppl. 1): 1–203 9 Lee LA, Posner KL, Cheney FW, Caplan RA, Domino KB. Complications associated with eye blocks and peripheral nerve blocks: an American Society of Anesthesiologists’ closed claims analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008; 33: 416–22 10 Christophe JL, Berthier F, Boillot A, et al. Assessment of topographic brachial plexus nerves variations at the axilla using ultrasonography. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 606–12 11 Brull R, Lupu M, Perlas A, Chan VW, McCartney CJ. Compared with dual nerve stimulation, ultrasound guidance shortens the time for infraclavicular block performance. Can J Anaesth 2009; 56: 812–8 12 Gupta PK, Pace NL, Hopkins PM. Effect of body mass index on the ED50 volume of bupivacaine 0.5% for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104: 490–5 13 Redborg KE, Antonakakis JG, Beach ML, Chinn CD, Sites BD. Ultrasound improves the success rate of a tibial nerve block at the ankle. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2009; 34: 256–60 14 Sutin KM, Schneider C, Sandhu NS, Capan LM. Deep venous thrombosis revealed during ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block. Br J Anaesth 2005; 94: 247–8 15 Hopkins PM. Ultrasound guidance as a gold standard in regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98: 299–301 16 Neal JM. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and patient safety: an evidence-based analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35: S59–67 17 Steinfeldt T, Nimphius W, Werner T, et al. Nerve injury by needle nerve perforation in regional anaesthesia: does size matter? Br J Anaesth 2010; 104: 245–53 18 Moore AE, Zhang J, Stringer MD. Iatrogenic nerve injury in a national no-fault compensation scheme: an observational cohort study. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66: 409–16 19 Hopkins PM. Malignant hyperthermia—pharmacology of triggering. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107: 48–56 20 Harper NJ, Dixon T, Dugué P, et al. Suspected anaphylactic reactions associated with anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2009; 64: 199–211 21 Macfarlane AJ, Prasad GA, Chan VW, Brull R. Does regional anesthesia improve outcome after total knee arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009; 467: 2379–402 22 Popping DM, Zahn PK, Van Aken HK, Dasch B, Boche R, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Effectiveness and safety of postoperative pain management: a survey of 18 925 consecutive patients between 1998 and 2006 (2nd revision): a database analysis of prospectively raised data. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101: 832–40 23 Urwin SC, Parker MJ, Griffiths R. General versus regional anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth 2000; 84: 450–5 24 Beattie WS, Badner NH, Choi P. Epidural analgesia reduces postoperative myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 853–8 25 Popping DM, Elia N, Marret E, Remy C, Tramer MR. Protective effects of epidural analgesia on pulmonary complications after abdominal and thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis. Arch Surg 2008; 143: 990–9 26 Snyder GL, Greenberg S. Effect of anaesthetic technique and other perioperative factors on cancer recurrence. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 106–15 27 Richardson J, Lonnqvist PA, Naja Z. Bilateral thoracic paravertebral block: potential and practice. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106: 164–71 28 Bridenbaugh LD. Regional anaesthesia for outpatient surgery—a summary of 12 years’ experience. Can Anaesth Soc J 1983; 30: 548–52 29 Jlala HA, French JL, Foxall GL, Hardman JG, Bedforth NM. Effect of preoperative multimedia information on perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing procedures under regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104: 369–74 30 Nordin P, Zetterstrom H, Carlsson P, Nilsson E. Cost-effectiveness analysis of local, regional and general anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair using data from a randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 2007; 94: 500–5 31 Gonano C, Kettner SC, Ernstbrunner M, Schebesta K, Chiari A, Marhofer P. Comparison of economical aspects of interscalene brachial plexus blockade and general anaesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 428–33
[1]
R. Griffiths.
Principles and Practice of Regional Anaesthesia (4th edn)
,
2013
.
[2]
H. Aken,et al.
Risks and benefits of thoracic epidural anaesthesia.
,
2011,
British journal of anaesthesia.
[3]
Sean Ekins,et al.
In silico repositioning of approved drugs for rare and neglected diseases.
,
2011,
Drug discovery today.
[4]
Michael Schroeder,et al.
Old friends in new guise: repositioning of known drugs with structural bioinformatics
,
2011,
Briefings Bioinform..
[5]
M. Law.
Neurological complications.
,
2009,
Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society.
[6]
I W Christie,et al.
Major complications of epidural analgesia after surgery: results of a six‐year survey
,
2007,
Anaesthesia.
[7]
H. Aken,et al.
Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in major surgery
,
2002,
The Lancet.
[8]
P. Myles,et al.
Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial
,
2002,
The Lancet.
[9]
W. Harrop-Griffiths,et al.
Continuous regional analgesia: can we afford not to use it?
,
2001,
Anaesthesia.
[10]
J. Bannister,et al.
Postoperative pain relief using thoracic epidural analgesia: outstanding success and disappointing failures
,
2001,
Anaesthesia.
[11]
Anthony Rodgers,et al.
Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials
,
2000,
BMJ : British Medical Journal.
[12]
M. Checketts,et al.
Central nerve block and thromboprophylaxis--is there a problem?
,
1999,
British journal of anaesthesia.
[13]
M. Lahdensuu,et al.
Severe complications associated with epidural and spinal anaesthesias in Finland 1987–1993 A study based on patient insurance claims
,
1997,
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.
[14]
P. Stonebridge,et al.
Ten‐year review of non‐ruptured aortic aneurysms
,
1989,
The British journal of surgery.
[15]
M. Dawkins.
Post‐Operative Pain Relief by Means of Continuous Drip Epidural Block
,
1966,
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.
[16]
R. Cope.
THE WOOLLEY AND ROE CASE Woolley and Roe versus Ministry of Health and Others
,
1954,
Anaesthesia.
[17]
A. S. Effron,et al.
The grave spinal cord paralyses caused by spinal anesthesia.
,
1950,
Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.
[18]
M. Werth.
Major complications of central neuraxial block
,
2009
.
[19]
J. Wildsmith,et al.
Principles and practice of regional anaesthesia
,
1987
.
[20]
俊夫 藤田.
Epidural block 直後の狭心症発作
,
1985
.