Optimization of Swastika Slotted Fractal Antenna using Genetic Algorithm and Bat Algorithm for S-band Utilities

A novel pattern of fractal antenna deploying Swastika slotted geometry up to second iteration is used for optimization in this paper which enhanced its utilities for S-band. Swastika Slotted Fractal Antenna has been designed and fabricated by the use of FR4 substrate material which has 1.6 mm as its substrate thickness, 4.4 as dielectric constant and 0.02 as loss tangent with help of Zeland IE3D software and MATLAB software. The comparison between Genetic Algorithm and Bat Algorithm revealed that results of BA are superior than GA for the designed geometry. The testing of proposed fabricated antenna has been done by using Rohde and Schwarz ZVL Vector Network Analyzer and obtained experimental results are in good agreement with optimized simulated results. Also, fabricated SSFA resonate at 2.49, 2.70, 2.96 and 3.96 GHz with corresponding values of S-parameter (S11) as −16.78, −18.87, −28.66 and −11.48 dB respectively.

[1]  J. Romeu,et al.  The Koch monopole: a small fractal antenna , 2000 .

[2]  Jeng-Shyang Pan,et al.  Bat Algorithm Inspired Algorithm for Solving Numerical Optimization Problems , 2011 .

[3]  P. Satish Rama Chowdary,et al.  Design and Performance Study of Sierpinski Fractal Based Patch Antennas for Multiband and Miniaturization Characteristics , 2015, Wireless Personal Communications.

[4]  R. Malmathanraj,et al.  Optimization of multislotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna using ANN and bacterial foraging optimization , 2010, 2010 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[5]  Xin-She Yang,et al.  Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization , 2012, 1211.6663.

[6]  D. Werner,et al.  The theory and design of fractal antenna arrays , 1999 .

[7]  Z. Lukes,et al.  Multi-Objective Optimization of Wire Antennas: Genetic Algorithms Versus Particle Swarm Optimization , 2005 .

[8]  P. Mallikarjuna Rao,et al.  Generation of Optimized Beams from Concentric Circular Antenna Array with Dipole Elements Using BAT Algorithm , 2016 .

[9]  C. Peixeiro,et al.  Miniaturization of rectangular microstrip patches using genetic algorithms , 2002, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[10]  J. Yook,et al.  The Koch island fractal microstrip patch antenna , 2001, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 2001 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37229).

[11]  Ratna Christy.  ANTENNA DESIGN FOR WIMAX APPLICATIONS USING ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY ALGORITHM , 2014 .

[12]  Xin-She Yang,et al.  Bat algorithm: literature review and applications , 2013, Int. J. Bio Inspired Comput..

[13]  Rupinder Kaur,et al.  Optimization of the Return Loss of Differentially Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna Using ANN and Firefly Algorithm , 2015, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[15]  Jian Li,et al.  Hilbert fractal antenna for UHF detection of partial discharges in transformers , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[16]  Yahya Rahmat-Samii,et al.  Fractal antennas: a novel antenna miniaturization technique, and applications , 2002 .

[17]  Guangming Wang,et al.  Small-Size Microstrip Patch Antennas Combining Koch and Sierpinski Fractal-Shapes , 2008, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[18]  Jordi Romeu Robert,et al.  On the behavior of the Sierpinski multiband fractal antenna , 1998 .

[19]  D. Werner,et al.  An overview of fractal antenna engineering research , 2003 .

[20]  Abbas Ali Lotfi Neyestanak,et al.  W-shaped enhanced-bandwidth patch antenna for wireless communication , 2007, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[21]  Douglas H. Werner,et al.  Optimization Methods in Antenna Engineering , 2015 .

[22]  M.K.A. Rahim,et al.  Microstrip Sierpinski carpet antenna design , 2005, 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics.

[23]  Umut Ozkaya,et al.  Dimension Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna in X/Ku Band via Artificial Neural Network☆ , 2015 .

[24]  Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal,et al.  Artificial Neural Network Analysis of Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Antenna: A Low Cost Alternative to Experimentation , 2013, Adv. Artif. Neural Syst..

[25]  C. Sparrow.  The Fractal Geometry of Nature , 1984 .

[26]  Jordi Romeu,et al.  On the behavior of the Sierpinski multiband fractal antenna , 1998 .