Auxiliary Adverb Word Order Revisited

(1) Sag's Generalization: *{Q/Adv}E-site (2) Fred has never been rude to Grandfather, but John {--/always has; *has always}. (3) Some ofthem are working hard. In fact, they {--fall are; *are all}. ( 4) He said he would study karate, and study karate he {--/surely has; *has surely}. (5) They said they would study karate, and study karate they {--/all have; *have all}. This paper suggests a new account of these facts, which deeply implicates Head Movement (HM). The present theory ofHM has two crucial nonstandard properties: (i) downward HM is allowed and (ii) a head's position depends largely on its (local) syntactic environment. The paper is organized as follows. After discussing a problem with the standard theory of HM, section 2 introduces the theory assumed in the rest of this paper. Section 3 investigates Sag's generalization in some detail, pointing out problems both with the generalization and existing accounts of it. Section 4 shows how the data can be accounted for under the present theory.

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