PCCI Control Authority of a Modern Diesel Engine Outfitted with Flexible Intake Valve Actuation

Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), an advanced mode combustion strategy, promises to simultaneously deliver the fuel efficiency of diesel combustion and the ultralow NO x emissions that usually require advanced exhaust aftertreatment. A flexible, computationally efficient, and whole engine simulation model for a 2007 6.7 l diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), variable geometry turbocharging (VGT), and common rail fuel injection was validated after extensive experimentation. This model was used to develop strategies for highly fuel-efficient and ultralow NO x emission PCCI. The primary aim of this modeling investigation is to determine the PCCI control authority present on a modern diesel engine outfitted with both conventional actuators (multi-pulse fuel injectors, EGR valve, and VGT) and flexible intake valve closure modulation, which dictates the effective compression ratio. The results indicate that early fuel injection coupled with ECR reduction and modest amounts of EGR yield a well-timed PCCI exhibiting 70% + reductions in NO x with no fuel consumption penalty over a significant portion of the engine operating range.

[1]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  The Development of Throttled and Unthrottled PCI Combustion in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine , 2006 .

[2]  Paul C. Miles,et al.  The Influence of Charge Dilution and Injection Timing on Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion and Emissions , 2005 .

[3]  S M Aceves,et al.  A fully coupled computational fluid dynamics and multi-zone model with detailed chemical kinetics for the simulation of premixed charge compression ignition engines , 2005 .

[4]  Rifat Keribar,et al.  Integrated Engine/Vehicle Simulation and Control , 1999 .

[5]  Terukazu Nishimura,et al.  Premixed diesel combustion using direct injection near top dead centre , 2007 .

[6]  Gary D. Neely,et al.  Experimental investigation of PCCI-DI combustion on emissions in a light-duty diesel engine , 2004 .

[7]  Andrew C. Matheaus,et al.  Partial Pre-Mixed Combustion with Cooled and Uncooled EGR in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine , 2002 .

[8]  Cyril Crua,et al.  The effect of compression ratio on exhaust emissions from a PCCI diesel engine , 2007 .

[9]  Takuji Ishiyama,et al.  Study on NOx Control in Direct-Injection PCCI Combustion - Fundamental Investigation Using a Constant-Volume Vessel , 2006 .

[10]  Satbir Singh,et al.  NO x and soot reduction in diesel engine premixed charge compression ignition combustion: a computational investigation , 2008 .

[11]  Bengt Johansson,et al.  HCCI Combustion Phasing with Closed-Loop Combustion Control Using Variable Compression Ratio in a Multi Cylinder Engine , 2003 .

[12]  Ulrich Pfahl,et al.  Passenger Car Investigations of NOx-Adsorber and DPF Combination to Fulfill Future Diesel Emission Limits , 2003 .

[13]  John Abraham,et al.  Dependence of Fuel-Air Mixing Characteristics on Injection Timing in an Early-Injection Diesel Engine , 2002 .

[14]  H Ogawa,et al.  An experimental analysis of low-temperature and premixed combustion for simultaneous reduction of NOx and particulate emissions in direct injection diesel engines , 2002 .

[15]  John E. Dec,et al.  The Effects of Injection Timing and Diluent Addition on Late-Combustion Soot Burnout in a Di Diese , 2000 .

[16]  Hiroshi Sono,et al.  PCCI Operation with Early Injection of Conventional Diesel Fuel , 2005 .

[17]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  Multi-Zone DI Diesel Spray Combustion Model for Cycle Simulation Studies of Engine Performance and Emissions , 2001 .

[18]  Rodney A. White,et al.  Combustion and soot visualization of low temperature combustion within an HSDI diesel engine using , 2006 .

[19]  Yoshihisa Tashiro,et al.  Study of Pre-mixed Compression Ignition Combustion on Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine (Third report) : An Examination of Transition Control Method between PCI and Conventional Combustion , 2006 .

[20]  Jasim Ahmed,et al.  A physics-based approach to the control of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines with variable valve actuation , 2005 .

[21]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  The attainment of premixed compression ignition low-temperature combustion in a compression ignition direct injection engine , 2007 .

[22]  Takeshi Miyamoto,et al.  A Computational Investigation of Premixed Lean Diesel Combustion - Characteristics of Fuel-Air Mixture Formation, Combustion and Emissions , 1999 .

[23]  J. Dec.  A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging* , 1997 .

[24]  Hajime Ishii,et al.  Exhaust Purification of Diesel Engines by Homogeneous Charge with Compression Ignition Part 1: Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Exhaust Emission Behavior Under Pre-Mixed Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Method , 1997 .

[25]  Hideyuki Tsunemoto,et al.  Cylinder to cylinder deviations in combustion and emission at idling in DI Diesel Engines with pilot injection , 2003 .

[26]  Gregory M. Shaver,et al.  Computationally Efficient Whole-Engine Model of a Cummins 2007 Turbocharged Diesel Engine , 2010 .

[27]  Ryo Hasegawa,et al.  HCCI Combustion in DI Diesel Engine , 2003 .

[28]  Heinz Pitsch,et al.  Three-Dimensional Modeling of NOx and Soot Formation in DI-Diesel Engines Using Detailed Chemistry Based on the Interactive Flamelet Approach , 1996 .

[29]  Keiya Nishida,et al.  Approach to Low NOx and Smoke Emission Engines by Using Phenomenological Simulation , 1993 .

[30]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  Analysis of Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Combustion with a Sequential Fluid Mechanics-Multizone Chemical Kinetics Model , 2005 .

[31]  Rifat Keribar,et al.  Engine/Powertrain/Vehicle Modeling Tool Applicable to All Stages of the Design Process , 2000 .

[32]  Yutaka Murata,et al.  Emissions suppression mechanism of premixed diesel combustion with variable valve timing , 2007 .

[33]  I. Denbratt,et al.  Low Temperature Combustion in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Using High Levels of EGR , 2006 .

[34]  R. Reitz,et al.  Validation of engine combustion models against detailed in-cylinder optical diagnostics data for a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine , 2007 .

[35]  Kangyao Deng,et al.  Study of diesel-fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion by in-cylinder early fuel injection and negative valve overlap , 2005 .

[36]  Charles E. Roberts,et al.  Emissions Solutions for 2007 and 2010 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines , 2004 .

[37]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  Spray Targeting to Minimize Soot and CO Formation in Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion with a HSDI Diesel Engine , 2006 .

[38]  Song-Charng Kong,et al.  Multidimensional Modeling of Diesel Ignition and Combustion Using a Multistep Kinetics Model , 1993 .

[39]  C. Lee,et al.  Effect of Compression Ratio and Spray Injection Angle on HCCI Combustion in a Small DI Diesel Engine , 2006 .

[40]  Masataka Arai,et al.  Total In-Cylinder Sampling Experiment on Emission Formation Processes in a D.I. Diesel Engine , 1990 .

[41]  Christopher J. Rutland,et al.  Effects of Mixing on Early Injection Diesel Combustion , 2005 .

[42]  Paul Zelenka,et al.  Ways to Meet Future Emission Standards with Diesel Engine Powered Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV) , 2000 .

[43]  Bertrand Gatellier,et al.  Development of the High Power NADI™ Concept Using Dual Mode Diesel Combustion to Achieve Zero NOx and Particulate Emissions , 2002 .

[44]  Hans-Erik Ångström,et al.  Transient Control of HCCI Through Combined Intake and Exhaust Valve Actuation , 2003 .

[45]  Yaodong Wang,et al.  Experimental investigation of applying miller cycle to reduce NOx emission from diesel engine , 2005 .

[46]  Ingemar Denbratt,et al.  Operation of a DI Diesel Engine With Variable Effective Compression Ratio in HCCI and Conventional Diesel Mode , 2005 .

[47]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[48]  Rolf D. Reitz,et al.  An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Post-Injection Strategies on Combustion and Emissions in the Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion Regime , 2007 .

[49]  R. Reitz,et al.  Parametric study of combustion characteristics in a direct-injection diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition engine with a low-pressurefuel injector , 2005 .

[50]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  Modeling HCCI Combustion With High Levels of Residual Gas Fraction - A Comparison of Two VVA Strategies , 2003 .

[51]  Takafumi Kojima,et al.  Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the effect of mixture heterogeneity on combustion process in a premixed charge compression ignition engine , 2005 .

[52]  Dennis N. Assanis,et al.  LEAN AND RICH PREMIXED COMPRESSION IGNITION COMBUSTION IN A LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE , 2005 .

[53]  John Abraham,et al.  COMPUTED NO AND SOOT DISTRIBUTION IN TURBULENT TRANSIENT JETS UNDER DIESEL CONDITIONS , 2004 .

[54]  Choongsik Bae,et al.  Combustion Control using Two-Stage Diesel Fuel Injection in a Single-Cylinder PCCI Engine , 2004 .

[55]  Z Gao,et al.  A phenomenologically based computer model to predict soot and NOx emission in a direct injection diesel engine , 2001 .

[56]  S A Kenchington,et al.  Active valvetrain for homogeneous charge compression ignition , 2005 .