Simian virus 40 large T antigen alters the phosphorylation state of the RB-related proteins p130 and p107

p130 and p107 are nuclear phosphoproteins related to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb). pRb, p107, and p130 each undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, form complexes with the E2F family of transcription factors, and associate with oncoproteins of DNA tumor viruses, including simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (TAg) and adenovirus ElA protein. The results of recent studies with mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking the retinoblastoma gene (Rb-1) have suggested that p130 and p107 may be important targets for SV40 large TAg-mediated transformation (J.B. Christensen and M.J. Imperiale, J. Virol. 65:3945-3948, 1995; J. Zalvide and J.A. DeCaprio, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:5800-5810, 1995). In this report, we demonstrate that the expression of TAg affects the phosphorylation state of p130 and p107. In cells expressing wild-type TAg, only un(der)phosphorylated p130 and p107 were detected. To determine the domains within TAg that contribute to this effect on the phosphorylation of p130, we performed transient expression assays. While transiently expressed p130 was apparently phosphorylated normally, only un(der)phosphorylated p130 was detected when p130 was coexpressed with TAg. Using this assay, we found that the first 147 amino acids of TAg were sufficient to alter the phosphorylation state of p130. Within this region, the LXCXE domain of TAg, required for binding to the retinoblastoma family of proteins, was necessary but not sufficient to affect p130 phosphorylation. Residues within the first 82 amino acids of TAg were also required. TAg with mutations in the N terminus retained the ability to efficiently associate with p130 but did not affect its phosphorylation state. This demonstrates that the effect of SV40 TAg on p130 is not simply the result of binding and suggests that TAg has a novel effect on p130 and p107 that differs from its effect on pRb.