Using Second-Order Hidden Markov Models to Enhance Speaker Authentication Performance

In this paper, the second-order hidden Markov models (HMM2s) have been used to enhance the recognition performance of isolated -word text -dependent speaker authentication systems under the neutral talking condition. Our results show that HMM2s enhance the speaker authentication performance under such a condition compared to the first- order hidden Markov models (HMM1s). The speaker authentication performance has been improved by 6%.