Nonuniform Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Vehicular Communications

Road safety applications drive the development of vehicular communications as support to intelligent transport systems. The communications network necessary for this is supported by dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), which is based on roadside units (RSUs) and onboard units. In the RSU, the DSRC physical-layer standards, along with practical issues, require specific radiation patterns of the respective antenna, leading to the use of unusual arrays of antennas. This paper describes a new concept based on a binomial array structure, which simplifies the design of the antenna array while ensuring good performance. The new structure developed for this antenna enabled the design of a feed network using unbalanced power dividers in the same plane as that of the radiating elements, maintaining the favorable characteristics of microstrip antennas. The array thus obtained met the desired specification, in terms of a radiation pattern with a bandwidth greater than 1 GHz.

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