Event-related potentials before and after training: Chronometry and lateralization of visual N1 and N2

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from normal right-handed males in visual-matching tasks before and after training to a high level of automaticity. The amplitude and latency of the left and right hemispheric N1 and N2 components were analyzed. While changes of N1 "after training" relative to "before training" were statistically non-significant, the N2 component appeared to be a sensitive indicator of the variability in chronometry and lateralization of cerebral processes modified by training. The N2 results suggest that with practice the physiological processes underlying performance in a visual-cognitive task become more efficient, selective and localized.

[1]  T W Picton,et al.  N2 and automatic versus controlled processes. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[2]  Walter Schneider,et al.  Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. , 1977 .

[3]  S. Hillyard,et al.  Long-latency evoked potentials to irrelevant, deviant stimuli. , 1976, Behavioral biology.

[4]  D. C. Essen,et al.  Visual areas of the mammalian cerebral cortex. , 1979 .

[5]  Judith M. Ford,et al.  Attention effects on auditory evoked potentials to infrequent events , 1976, Biological Psychology.

[6]  B. Bergum,et al.  Attention and performance IX , 1982 .

[7]  W. McCallum,et al.  Some sensory and cognitive aspects of ERP's: a review. , 1980, Progress in brain research.

[8]  J. Konorski.  Integrative activity of the brain , 1967 .

[9]  Controlling abnormal eye movements , 1979, Vision Research.

[10]  D. Lehmann,et al.  Human evoked potentials : applications and problems , 1979 .

[11]  W Singer,et al.  Control of thalamic transmission by corticofugal and ascending reticular pathways in the visual system. , 1977, Physiological reviews.

[12]  N. Adam,et al.  Late components of the visual evoked potential to search in short-term memory. , 1978, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[13]  T. Picton,et al.  The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure. , 1987, Psychophysiology.

[14]  R. Näätänen.  Processing negativity: an evoked-potential reflection of selective attention. , 1982, Psychological bulletin.

[15]  W. Ritter,et al.  The scalp topography of potentials in auditory and visual discrimination tasks. , 1977, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[16]  G. Cohen.  Hemispheric differences in serial versus parallel precessing. , 1973, Journal of experimental psychology.

[17]  M. Posner.  Chronometric explorations of mind , 1978 .

[18]  E. Donchin.  Presidential address, 1980. Surprise!...Surprise? , 1981, Psychophysiology.

[19]  E. Evarts.  Motor Cortex Reflexes Associated with Learned Movement , 1973, Science.

[20]  A Pfefferbaum,et al.  P300 and long-term memory: latency predicts recognition performance. , 1985, Psychophysiology.

[21]  E. Donchin,et al.  On quantifying surprise: the variation of event-related potentials with subjective probability. , 1977, Psychophysiology.

[22]  E. Donchin,et al.  P300 and recall in an incidental memory paradigm. , 1986, Psychophysiology.

[23]  William G. Cochran,et al.  Experimental Designs, 2nd Edition , 1950 .

[24]  B Renault,et al.  Onset and offset of brain events as indices of mental chronometry. , 1982, Science.

[25]  D. O. Hebb,et al.  The organization of behavior , 1988 .

[26]  M. R. Harter,et al.  Attention to pattern orientation: negative cortical potentials, reaction time, and the selection process. , 1980, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[27]  Walter Schneider,et al.  Degree of Consistent Training and the Development of Automatic Processing. , 1980 .

[28]  Bernard Renault,et al.  7 The Visual Emitted Potentials: Clues for Information Processing , 1983 .

[29]  K. Ciesielski.  Lateralization of visual cognitive potentials , 1982, Biological Psychology.

[30]  Walter Schneider,et al.  Controlled and Automatic Human Information Processing: 1. Detection, Search, and Attention. , 1977 .

[31]  E Donchin,et al.  P300 and stimulus categorization: two plus one is not so different from one plus one. , 1980, Psychophysiology.

[32]  Terence W. Picton,et al.  Event-related potentials recorded during the discrimination of improbable stimuli , 1983, Biological Psychology.

[33]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. , 1978, Acta psychologica.

[34]  Daniel S. Ruchkin,et al.  N250 latency and decision time , 1980 .

[35]  M. R. Harter,et al.  Hemispheric differences in the neural processing of stimulus location and type: Effects of selective attention on visual evoked potentials , 1982, Neuropsychologia.

[36]  D Friedman,et al.  A brain event related to the making of a sensory discrimination. , 1979, Science.

[37]  P. Simpson.  High-speed memory scanning: stability and generality. , 1972, Journal of experimental psychology.

[38]  K. Ciesielski.  Event-related potentials in children with specific visual cognitive disability , 1989, Neuropsychologia.

[39]  J J Hopfield,et al.  Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  D Kleinman,et al.  Neural readout from memory. , 1973, Journal of neurophysiology.

[41]  R. Emmerson,et al.  Pattern reversal evoked potentials: age, sex and hemispheric asymmetry. , 1985, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[42]  James L Olds,et al.  Activity changes in rat hypothalamus, preoptic area, and striatum associated with Pavlonian conditioning. , 1973, Journal of neurophysiology.

[43]  S. Hillyard,et al.  Electrical Signs of Selective Attention in the Human Brain , 1973, Science.

[44]  H G Vaughan,et al.  Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages. , 1982, Science.

[45]  E R John,et al.  Switchboard versus statistical theories of learning and memory. , 1972, Science.

[46]  F. Denoth,et al.  Cerebral psychophysiology: studies in event-related potentials. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.