Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban dust from Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

En Ensenada, Baja California, los barcos y vehiculos emiten particulas con metales pesados. Las particulas se transportan con el viento y se depositan en el suelo, donde se mezclan con el dando lugar a los polvos urbanos. Los metales pesados pueden afectar la salud de la poblacion, por lo que se requiere un diagnostico rapido para encontrar soluciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las zonas con mayor contaminacion en la ciudad. Se tomaron 86 muestras de polvo urbano sobre diferentes sustratos (suelo, cemento y asfalto). Los metales se analizaron mediante fluorescencia de rayos X. Las diferencias entre los sustratos se identificaron mediante un analisis de varianza. Por otra parte, se hizo un analisis para conocer la distribucion espacial de los metales pesados, utilizando la interpolacion con kriging ordinario. El asfalto contiene las mayores concentraciones de Cr, Ni, Pb y Zn; el cemento contiene mayores concentracions de Cu y V; y el suelo es el que mas Rb contiene. El mapa que integra las clases de mayor concentracion de metales indica que la zona suroeste, donde se localiza el puerto y pasa la carretera transpeninsular, es la mas contaminada.

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